一、對名詞性從句引導詞的考查
1.Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday.Have you got any idea______the party is to be held?(08陜西)
A.what B.which C.that D.where
解析:根據觀察可知,這是一個同位語從句,并且正確的理解應該為:你知道聚會在哪兒舉行嗎?因此從句部分并不完整。故選D項。
2.Could I speak to ______is in charge of International Sales please?(09全國卷I)
A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever
解析:審題得知,speak to后缺少賓語,并且可以判斷出后面的賓語為一個賓語從句。而且這個賓語從句本身也缺少主語,并且指人,故排除B、D兩項。又因為說話人并不知道:具體哪一個人負責國際銷售,因此是不確定的。故選C項。
3.______was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(08山東)
A.It B.This C.What D.As
解析:首先理解句意:對她最重要的東西是她的家庭。宏觀上看,是主系表結構。并且主語部分是一個句子,該句子也缺少主語,指物,故用What。
4.The last time we had great fun was ______we were visiting the Water Park.(08天津)
A.where B.how C.when D.why
解析:由句意可知,表語從句需要when才完整,否則無法理解整句話。
解題技巧:認真體會語境,分析從句部分是否完整,以此來選擇相應的引導詞。
二、用“時間數軸”解時態題
對于一些較為復雜的時態題,用數軸來理解將更為直觀明了。在這里,對“時間數軸”作一下簡要介紹。
1.She stared at the painting,wondering where she ______it.(09重慶)
A.saw B.has seen C.sees D.had seen
圖表解析:
故答案為D項。
2.By the time Jane gets home,her aunt ______for London to attend a meeting.(05天津)
A.will leave B.leaves C.will have left D.left
圖表解析:
當Jane到家的時候(發生在將來),她的叔叔已經飛往倫敦了。到將來某個時候為止已經發生完成的動作,我們使用將來完成時態,故答案為C項。
三、利用疑問詞在句中的作用解題
1.——What should I do with this passage?
——______the main idea of each paragraph.(05重慶)
A.Finding out B.Found out C.Find out D.To find out
解析:根據分析,What疑問詞在這個疑問句中作do的賓語。因此,第二個人的回答的內容重點應該是do what,即句子“I should find out the main idea of each paragraph”省略形式,故答案為C項。
2.——Where did you get to know her?
——It was on the farm ______we worked.(07山東)
A.that B.there C.which D.where
解析:很多學生看到這個題,感覺很困惑,不知道選A項還是D項,因為如果只從句子結構分析,則兩項均成立,一個是強調句型,一個是定語從句。但是,我們在仔細體會語境之后,會發現:第一個人是針對地點進行提問,故第二個人的回答重點是where,因此,我們選擇定語從句較為合適,突出了重點。而用強調句型則曲解了整個語境。
四、where引導的定語從句(從句中缺少抽象的地點狀語從句)
1.Life is like a long race ______we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.(09重慶)
A.why B.what C.that D.where
解析:在此題中,定語從句修飾抽象的地點名詞race;從句部分缺少地點狀語in the race,故選D項。
2.——What do you think of teaching,Bob?
——I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ______you are doing something serious but interesting.(09北京)
A.where B.which C.when D.that
解析:在此題中,定語從句修飾抽象的地點名詞job;從句部分缺少地點狀語in the job,故答案選項A項。
解題技巧:①定語從句中一般缺少主語、賓語或狀語。如果主語和賓語都不缺少,觀察一下是否缺少狀語成分。
②這類定語從句的先行詞不表示具體的地點,而是在頭腦中可以想象出來的抽象的地點名詞,如position,situation,point,stage等。因此,我們的認識不可僵化。
五、對虛擬語氣的考查
1.情態動詞+have done(表示對過去的虛擬或推測)
(1)He did not regret saying what he ______did but felt that he it differently.(09江蘇)
A.could express B.would express C.could have expressed D.must have expressed
解析:根據對內容和語境的理解,我們得知此題考查對過去的虛擬,因此排除A、B兩項。D項表示對過去的肯定推測,故答案為C項。
(2)She ______have left school,for her bike is still here.(08天津)
A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
解析:根據句意,本題考查對過去的推測,故選A項。
2.含蓄的虛擬語氣
(1)But for the help of my English teacher,I ______the first prize in the English Writing Competition.(09福建)
A.would not win B.would not have won
C.would winD.would have won
解析:but for意為“要不是”,在這里引導對過去的虛擬,相當于if I had not had the help of my English teacher,故答案為B項。
(2)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______it without you.(08山東)
A.can manageB.could have managed
C.could manage D.can have managed
解析:without意為“如果沒有……”,在這里引導對過去的虛擬,相當于if we hadn’t had your hard work,故答案為B項。除了without和but for以外,還有otherwise,in case,for fear等可引導這類虛擬語氣。
六、鞏固練習
1.News came from the school office ______Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.(09四川)
A.which B.what C.that D.where
2.As his best friend,I can make accurate guesses about ___he will do or think.(08上海)
A.what B.which C.whom D.that
3.______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(08浙江)
A.Anyone B.The one C.Whoever D.Who
4.The traditional view is ______we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(07上海)
A.when B.why C.whether D.that
5.——I’m sorry.I ______at you the other day.
——Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.(08江蘇)
A.shouldn’t shout B.shouldn’t have shouted
C.mustn’t shout D.mustn’t have shouted
6.What a pity.Considering his ability and experience,he ______better.(08江西)
A.need have done B.must have done
C.can have done D.might have done
7.I have reached a point in my life ______I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(09浙江)
A.which B.where C.how D.why
8.——What are you anxious about?
——______.
A.If we succeed B.That we can succeed
C.Do we succeed D.Whether we can succeed
9.The hotel wasn’t particularly good.But I ______in many worse hotels.(08北京)
A.was staying B.stayed C.would stay D.had stayed
答案:CACDBDBDD
解析:1.同位語從句中不缺少任何成分,故選that,且不可省略。
2.賓語從句中缺少do和think的賓語,故選what。
3.主語從句中缺少主語,并且指人,具有不確定性,故選whoever。
4.表語從句中不缺少任何成分,因此,用that引導,且不可省略。
5.由題意可知,表達對過去虛擬“當初不應該……”,故選B項。
6.由題意可知,表達對過去推測“也許做得更好”,但把握性并不大。故選D項。
7.定語從句修飾先行詞point,并且從句中缺少抽象的地點狀語at the point,故選B項。
8.what在問句中作介詞about的賓語。所以,選擇的答案也可作about的賓語,因此,故選D項,即“I am anxious about whether we can succeed.”的省略形式,在這里whether不可用if替代。
9.根據畫數軸可看出,在這里正確的時態應是過去完成時態。