英語新聞報(bào)道題型主題分析和應(yīng)試技巧綜述

摘 要: 本文對(duì)TEM-4聽力測(cè)試新聞報(bào)道題型分類與應(yīng)試技巧的分析介紹。意在幫助應(yīng)試者了解新聞結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，以及聽力測(cè)試的命題規(guī)律和出題形式，掌握基本對(duì)策，提高綜合應(yīng)試能力。

關(guān)鍵詞: 英語新聞 主題分析 應(yīng)試技巧

根據(jù)高校專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱的規(guī)定，英語專業(yè)學(xué)生在畢業(yè)時(shí)要能夠聽懂VOA和BBC新聞的主要內(nèi)容。而新聞以豐富性、趣味性、時(shí)效性等特點(diǎn)成為提高學(xué)生聽力水平的重要素材。這一點(diǎn)在專業(yè)英語的四、八級(jí)考試中得到了很好的體現(xiàn)。然而，對(duì)于英語專業(yè)四級(jí)考生來說，新聞聽力卻是一大難點(diǎn):它錄音語速快、專業(yè)詞匯多、新聞?dòng)谜Z有別于一般的口語;同時(shí)新聞聽力背景知識(shí)復(fù)雜，涉及許多國家的人文、歷史、地理、宗教等各方面的內(nèi)容，這都加深了新聞聽力的難度，使其不容易理解。要想在聽力考試中攻克這一難關(guān)，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)新聞的不同主題進(jìn)行分類訓(xùn)練，增強(qiáng)應(yīng)試能力。筆者就TEM-4聽力試題中新聞部分考題進(jìn)行分析，在本文中歸納出其選材規(guī)律和出題形式，并介紹相關(guān)的應(yīng)試對(duì)策，以幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對(duì)這部分考題。

新聞的主題多種多樣，但是專四聽力考查的主題卻有限。根據(jù)英語專業(yè)四級(jí)歷年考題中新聞主題考查頻率由高至低可歸納為以下幾大主題。

1.國際關(guān)系

這類新聞經(jīng)常涉及到兩國矛盾、經(jīng)濟(jì)援助、經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁、兩國建交、聯(lián)盟協(xié)議等話題。并且結(jié)構(gòu)上第一句話點(diǎn)明主旨，緊接著陳述細(xì)節(jié)。內(nèi)容多著重于講述國際關(guān)系的變化的前因后果、進(jìn)程、達(dá)成的共識(shí)等。如:

A joint committee will soon seek further cooperation between Egypt and Spain in industry，trade，investment and science and technology.Egyptian economic sources said the two sides will discuss the possibility of setting up a joint business council when the Egyptian- Spanish higher committee meets in the first half of September in Madrid，Spain.The business council is aimed at balancing bilateral trade by expanding trade volume.(2008專四真題)

此類新聞考查范圍較多的為細(xì)節(jié)題、主旨題、數(shù)字題。如針對(duì)以上這則新聞所給出考題為:

(1)The joint committee will promote co-operation between Egypt and Spain in all the following areas EXCEPT______

(2)What is this news item mainly about?_______

針對(duì)此類新聞考生應(yīng)該盡可能抓住新聞導(dǎo)語，特別關(guān)注于新聞細(xì)節(jié)部分給出的并列成分。常用句型有:“...signed an agreement to...”;“the agreement has to be approved by...”;“tensions were raised...because...”等。

2.災(zāi)難新聞

這類新聞涉及到的題材有暴力事件、恐怖襲擊、沉船事件、空難等，還包括地震、水災(zāi)、泥石流等自然災(zāi)害。此類新聞通常要突現(xiàn)災(zāi)難是否具有可預(yù)測(cè)性、可防性或安全意外性，以及天災(zāi)性與人為性等基本特征，災(zāi)難程度和常發(fā)頻率是報(bào)道的核心，抗災(zāi)或救護(hù)及國際社會(huì)的反應(yīng)等是后續(xù)觀察點(diǎn)。其考點(diǎn)多為細(xì)節(jié)題、數(shù)字題、主旨題，尤以數(shù)字和細(xì)節(jié)題考查最多。如:

Storms sank two river ferries in southern Bangladesh on Sunday and some 90 passengers were reported missing while at least another 68 died.One of the packed ferries carrying around 150 people capsized early on Sunday on the Meghna river and 50 were rescued.A second ferry sank on the same river just one kilometer away leaving 40 passengers missing after 6 were rescued.(2006專四真題)

考題為:

(1)Altogether how many people were reported missing______

(2)Which of the following details is INCORRECT_____

針對(duì)此類新聞考生應(yīng)特別關(guān)注事件發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間，以及事件所造成的傷亡人數(shù)，經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。此外考生應(yīng)集中記憶相關(guān)詞匯，如:volcano eruption(火山爆發(fā))，flood(洪災(zāi))，tsunami(海嘯)，mudslide(泥石流)，sandstorm(沙塵暴)，earthquake(地震)，drought(干旱)，tornado(龍卷風(fēng))，plague(瘟疫)，air crash(空難)，terrorist attack(恐怖襲擊)，suicide bombing(自殺性爆炸)，death toll(死亡人數(shù))，injured/wounded(受傷的)，casualty(傷亡者)等。掌握常用句型“...were reported missing”，“...were killed and more than...injured.”等。

3.犯罪新聞

這類主題新聞的題材一般包括:個(gè)人刑事犯罪、引渡犯人、偷渡事件、宗教犯罪、性丑聞等。此類新聞通常注重國際犯罪的新動(dòng)向，以及該案例的影響程度。一般還會(huì)有背景簡介和最新觀察點(diǎn)，同時(shí)會(huì)交代國際合作辦案的新措施和新趨勢(shì)。針對(duì)這類主題新聞，常見考點(diǎn)有細(xì)節(jié)題、主旨題。如:

Around 40 former military officers in Argentina have been arrested for possible extradition to Spain on human rights charges.The arrest came as the Argentine government struck down the decree prohibiting such extradition，saying all Argentines should be equal before the law.Those detained include a former navy captain and several other ex-officers suspected of torture or murder during the last period of military rule in Argentina，which ended in 1983.(2005 專四真題)

1)What would happen to the Argentine officers?

2)What accusation would the Argentine officers face?

針對(duì)此類考題，考生應(yīng)特別關(guān)注新聞的導(dǎo)語，清楚案件的性質(zhì)、原因和結(jié)果。特別注意常用句型中包含的信息點(diǎn)。常用句型有:“a court in...is due to deliver its verdict in...”;“...is accused of...and faces up to...in prison”;“...is arrested for...”。同時(shí)考生也需要積累一定的常用詞匯幫助理解此類新聞?lì)}材的內(nèi)容。如:verdict(判決)，guilty(有罪的)，trail(審判)，execute(處死)，appeal(上訴)，accuse，charge(控告)，sanction(制裁)，rape(強(qiáng)奸)，robbery(搶劫)，assassination(暗殺)，bribe(賄賂)，kidnap(綁架)，arson(縱火)，hijack(劫持)，corruption(腐敗)，extradite(引渡)等。

4.民生調(diào)查

這類新聞涉及的題材有:患病統(tǒng)計(jì)、城市設(shè)備使用、人類與環(huán)境、壽命統(tǒng)計(jì)等。此類新聞通常注重民族發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的相互關(guān)系，突出全球扶貧活動(dòng)的新動(dòng)向，分析發(fā)達(dá)國家與發(fā)展中國家對(duì)待環(huán)境問題的共同利益和本質(zhì)矛盾，著眼有限資源的無序爭奪和不合理分配造成的世界南北差距等基本問題。常見考法:數(shù)字題、推論題、細(xì)節(jié)題，其中數(shù)字題考查最多。如:

Airlines are being hit with huge increases to insure their planes after the terrorist attacks in the United States.Goshawk Insurance Holdings which insures aircraft around the world，said rates have soared as much as tenfold since the September 11th terror attacks airlines around the world have cut services and dismissed staff as their business has plunged in the week of the crisis.They are also struggling with increased security costs.(2003專四真題)

考題:After the terrorist attacks in the United States，insurance rates soared as much as_____.

此類主題的新聞使用詞匯豐富，考生應(yīng)該平時(shí)多關(guān)注社會(huì)動(dòng)態(tài)，積累最新社會(huì)現(xiàn)象相對(duì)應(yīng)的新詞，如:avian influenza/bird flu(禽流感)，hand-and-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)(手足口病)，H1N1(甲流感)等，同時(shí)注意常用但并不熟悉的表數(shù)概念詞匯，如“-fold”“decade”“dozen”“score”。如遇到表示數(shù)字推算的題，要特別注意表達(dá)增減概念的詞:go up to，increased to，grow to(增加到)，increase，grow，a rise of(增加)，as many as，...times of，reach等。

5.政治新聞

這一題材的新聞一般包括:游行示威、罷工、政黨爭權(quán)、總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選等。此類新聞常見考查方式為細(xì)節(jié)和數(shù)字題，其中細(xì)節(jié)題考查最多。如:

Despite reports of intimidation，Zimbabweans swarmed to polling stations on the final day of voting in the most competitive parliamentary election in Zimbabwe’s history.On the first day of voting，lines of hundreds of voters sneaked around some of the country’s 4000 polling stations.A total of 120 seats were being contested，and Mugabe appoints another 30 law makers giving him and his party a built-in advantage.(2008專四真題)

考題:Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the news?

此類主題新聞常用詞匯有:embassy(使館)，ambassador(大使)，ally(聯(lián)盟)，cabinet(內(nèi)閣)，demonstration(游行示威)，protest(抗議)，election(選舉)，vote(投票)，poll(票數(shù))，rebel(反叛)，summitry(峰會(huì))，anarchism(無政府主義)，campaign(運(yùn)動(dòng))，strike(罷工)，sit-in(靜坐示威)等。

6.經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞

此類新聞通常關(guān)注全球指導(dǎo)性的經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞和經(jīng)濟(jì)潮流。報(bào)道經(jīng)濟(jì)保護(hù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的矛盾性和統(tǒng)一性。針對(duì)這類新聞?lì)}材考查較多的是:細(xì)節(jié)題、主旨題、數(shù)字題。如:An economic forum on opportunities in China is expected to bring scholars，business leaders and government officials to Beijing next week.More than 800 delegates are expected to attend 3-da Fortune Global Forum which opens on Monday.More than 250 foreign companies including 76 of the global 500 will be represented.The forum is held annually by the US’Fortune Magazine.This will be the forum’s 10th year and third in China.Shanghai hosted it in 1999 and Hong Kong in 2001.(2007 專四真題)

考題:1)What is the theme of the forum?_______

2)According to the news，the first forum was held_____

這類新聞常用句型有:“...have become the latest foreign entrance in...market.” “...will soon seek further cooperation between...and...”等。

7.其他類新聞

這部分所涉及到的新聞主題主要有科技類、旅游類、教育類及體育類。其內(nèi)容常包括:航天科技、基因工程、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、景點(diǎn)游客數(shù)量變化、教育改革或新政策、各類體育比賽、球星動(dòng)向等。這類主題考查最多的方式是采用細(xì)節(jié)題和數(shù)字題。

因此考生在通過抓住新聞導(dǎo)語掌握新聞主要內(nèi)容的同時(shí)，更要注意數(shù)字及動(dòng)向變化的細(xì)節(jié)題。把握相關(guān)信息關(guān)鍵詞的正確意思，往往考題中出現(xiàn)同義替換的選項(xiàng)。

8.結(jié)語

對(duì)于專四考生來說提高新聞聽力并不是一朝一夕的事情。學(xué)習(xí)者需要有針對(duì)性地積累和記憶不同主題新聞的常用詞匯和用語，同時(shí)養(yǎng)成堅(jiān)持聽英語廣播新聞的習(xí)慣，熟悉新聞廣播的語速，培養(yǎng)自己對(duì)新聞的敏感性。此外平時(shí)還應(yīng)該多讀英文報(bào)刊，注意擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)面，開闊自己的視野，不斷地豐富大腦中的圖式，以便在聽力理解的過程中能夠很快地使自己大腦中的知識(shí)圖式與輸入信息相匹配，從而激活圖式，指導(dǎo)其作出正確的預(yù)測(cè)、推論和判斷。這樣才能從根本上提高考生對(duì)新聞廣播的聽力理解能力。

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