摘 要:本文運(yùn)用實(shí)驗(yàn)語(yǔ)音學(xué)和發(fā)聲語(yǔ)音學(xué)的原理和方法,力圖對(duì)中國(guó)二語(yǔ)習(xí)得者英語(yǔ)連續(xù)語(yǔ)流中短語(yǔ)重音習(xí)得進(jìn)行較為詳細(xì)的調(diào)查。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)節(jié)奏重音和重音轉(zhuǎn)移掌握不足,普遍存在重音僵化現(xiàn)象;在連續(xù)語(yǔ)流中寬式焦點(diǎn)重音和窄式焦點(diǎn)重音掌握較好,但某些功能詞弱讀掌握不足,被錯(cuò)誤地重讀;復(fù)合詞的重音指派普遍存在較大問(wèn)題。
關(guān)鍵詞:重音;重音指派;重音節(jié)拍語(yǔ)言;音節(jié)節(jié)拍語(yǔ)言
[中圖分類號(hào)]H319.3
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1006-2831(2009)12-0037-6
Abstract: Based on theoretical framework of experimental phonetics and acoustic phonetics, the present study tries to make a tentative study on the acquisition of stress in English noun phrases by Chinese EFL learners in two categories: the acquistion of variable stress and stresss of noun phrases in connected speech. The findings show that rhythmic stress is problematic, manifested by the learners’ unsatisfactory output of variable stress as fixed ones. As for fixed stress, most of Chinese EFL learners have a good command of both broad and narrow focus of noun phrases in connected speech. However, some reduced forms such as conjunctions and pronouns are improperly stressed while compound stress pattern remains unacquired.
Key words: stress, stress assignment, stress-timed language, syllable-timed language
1. 引言
大量研究顯示(如許曦明,2007;陳曉莉,2000;余國(guó)良,1998;王桂珍,1990;習(xí)曉明,1990;劉乃華,1988),中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者受母語(yǔ)負(fù)遷移的影響,導(dǎo)致英語(yǔ)名詞重音錯(cuò)誤指派,從而產(chǎn)生了漢腔英語(yǔ)。不當(dāng)?shù)闹匾糁概墒菍?dǎo)致英語(yǔ)(口語(yǔ))理解困難的重要原因,因此值得充分重視(Roach, 2000:91)。然而到目前為止,鮮有實(shí)證性的研究對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行深入探討。本研究旨在調(diào)查中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)名詞短語(yǔ)重音的掌握程度和存在的問(wèn)題,并嘗試對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行解釋。
2. 理論背景
2.1 重音和重音指派
對(duì)重音的定義,最普遍也最為人們熟悉的是把它描寫為發(fā)某一音或音節(jié)時(shí)所用的氣力。也就是說(shuō),胸肌搏動(dòng)越強(qiáng),呼出的空氣也就越強(qiáng),結(jié)果使發(fā)出的音更加響亮,這就是所謂的“重音”。而通常所說(shuō)的“重讀音節(jié)”實(shí)際上指突出音節(jié)(salient syllables),它是依靠四個(gè)“音飾成分”——音質(zhì)、音長(zhǎng)、音高和音強(qiáng)中的一項(xiàng)或幾項(xiàng)相結(jié)合而體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。人們所熟知的重音分級(jí)為一級(jí)重音(primary stress)、二級(jí)重音(secondary stress)和零重音(zero stress or unstressed)(ibid.: 87)。……