摘 要:高中英語寫作教學往往是英語教學的難點,許多英語教師也常常感覺到是“講一大片,寫一大片,學生的語法錯誤還是一大片”。究其原因,沒有調動學生個體的的學習積極性,沒有讓學生體驗到英語寫作的樂趣。本文從學生主體學習,合作學習出發,探究如何激勵學生的學習自主性,提高其英語寫作水平。
關鍵詞:寫作教學 主體學習 合作學習
英語教師們在提高學生學習英語的四大基本技能——聽說讀寫時,大都有感寫作水平是最難提高的。因為要想寫出一點像樣的東西來,學生本身應有一定的英語基礎知識和英語理解力作鋪墊。這樣,盡管教師們在講臺上竭盡所能地道出一條條規則,說出一系列方法來指導學生的作文,很多學生的寫作水平還是在原地踏步,不見起色,原因是教師們沒有從學生的實際出發,沒有摸清學生的英語底子,更重要的是沒有發揮學生的學習自主性,讓他們自己去探究、去發現。所以,筆者認為,要提高學生的英語寫作水平,從廣泛的層次來說,應該從兩個方面來做文章:第一,要通過調研來了解學生的本來面目,徹底弄清他們的基礎到底如何,哪些方面較強哪些方面較弱,應從哪個層次來培養學生的英語寫作水平。第二,激發學生的寫作興趣,引導學生自主學習以及合作學習。
在東山學校高一11月份的摸底考試中,有這樣一道作文題:“假如你是一名建筑工人,名叫李華。在修建地基時挖出一些古代文物。一部分人建議賣掉,可以得到一些錢,但你不同意。請你用英語給編輯寫一封信反映此情況,闡明你的理由,并提出建議。”在閱卷之后,若仔細分析,不難發現學生有這樣的問題:首先,單詞量太小,好幾處不會將其譯成中文,或譯得太模糊,不確切。如將“挖出”譯為find,discover等,將“賣掉”譯為buy。其次,詞組應用受到負遷移的影響,使用錯誤。如“建議賣掉”譯成suggest me to sell them。然后,審題不認真。文章最后明明有要求,“并提出建議”,許多學生卻忘了。那么教師應該怎樣指導學生呢?是按照傳統的以“教師為中心”的策略,對學生們犯的錯誤大講,將知識一點點地喂給學生,然后就把范文一抄了事嗎?那樣,學生聽起來枯燥無味,下次寫文章時,還是會犯一些老毛病。
事實上,我們應該根據《英語課程標準》來實施我們的教學。在教學原則中,它就講道:“教師要引導學生主動學習,鼓勵學生通過體驗、實踐、討論、合作和探究等方式,練習使用語言技能。要為學生獨立學習留有空間和時間,使學生有機會通過聯想、推理和歸納等思維活動用英語分析問題和解決問題、獲得經驗、增強自信、提高能力。”我們應該怎么做呢?下面我以東山學校高一18班為例來具體講解:
第一,把幾個成績一般的學生的原創文章做成Word文檔,教師不作變動,讓學生們自己利用幾分鐘來發現問題。從詞匯、語法、句型等多方面來著手,看有哪些不妥之處,應該如何修改,這樣就處理了難點問題。學生們找出了以下幾組詞的原型、過去式以及過去分詞和現在分詞,形式很難把握,意義也容易混淆。
lay,laid,laid,laying(放置到適當的位置)
lie,lay,lain,lying(位于,躺下)
find,found,found(發現,找到)
found,founded,founded(建立,成立)
sell,sold,sold(出售,賣出)
下列詞組的使用,“建議”的單復數也易弄錯:
advise sb to do sth.
suggest / advise that sb should do sth.
give sb some advice / suggestions
第二,把成績優秀的學生的原創文章做成Word文檔,教師不作變動,讓學生們看看哪些句子詞組用得好,摘抄下來,用心去記憶,這就處理了文章的重點問題。我選用了以下四位學生的文章,有下劃線的是學生們共同指出來的值得學習的地道的句子。
十八班黃俏俏
Dear editor,
My name is Li Hua,I’m a builder. I found some cultural relics when I was laying a foundation. Some people advised me to sell them so that I can get much money to change my life. But I disagreed.
In my opinion,the cultural relics are a kind of wealth of our country,not mine. If I sell them,I’ll be against the law,and our country will be damaged. So I think I should show them to the government. Also they can be saved by the National Museum.
Sincerely
Li Hua
王歡
Dear editor,
How are you? My name is Li Hua. I am a builder. I have something to tell you. I found some cultural relics when I was laying a foundation. I was very surprised. I don’t know what to do. Some people advised me to sell them so that I can earn a great deal of money. But I didn’t agree. I don’t think they are mine. I think I should send them to the government. Do you think so? I wish more and more people could protect the cultural relics.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
付彪
Dear editor,
My name is Li Hua. I’m a builder. I’m really happy as I found some ancient cultural relics when I laid a foundation several days ago. I’m very excited but I don’t know how to deal with these. Some people suggest that we sell them. In that way,I could get some money,but I disagreed.
I think cultural relics are our country’s wealth,we should protect them. In my opinion,we should give them to our country. I think it is the best way to protect these cultural relics.
Yours
Li Hua
曹磊
Dear editor,
My name is Li Hua. I’m a builder. When I laying a foundation lately I found several cultural relics. I’m amazed. Some people advised me to sell them so that I could achieve some money. But I don’t think so. In my opinion ,the cultural relics are an important part of our country’s culture. If I sell them,it will be a big lose for our country. So I decided to tell the government,because the wealth belongs to everyone. I believe the government will take good care of them. Do you think so?
Yours
Li Hua
第三,讓學生分組討論,如何構建一篇佳作,用哪些連詞連成文章,這就完成了最后的“信息輸出”問題了。幾分鐘后,某組學生創造出了下列只用了六句話但言簡意賅的地道范文。
Dear editor,
I dug out some ancient cultural relics when I was laying a foundation with other builders and I was very surprised. I don’t know how to deal with these. Some people advised me to sell them so that I can get much money to improve my life.I disagreed,because cultural relics belong to our country and they are an important part of our country’s traditional culture. If I sell them,it will be a great lose to our country. So I think I should show them to the government.
Yours
Li Hua
總之,教師們一定要深入鉆研新《英語課程標準》,吸收新的教學理念,嘗試新的教學策略,心甘情愿從“絕對中心”地位退下來,讓學生充當學習的主人翁,讓學生不斷體驗,不斷收獲,使學生們在英語學習方面,聽、說、讀,尤其是寫作技能有突破性的進展,讓學生真正成為自主學習的主力軍。
參考文獻:
[1]教育部.普通高中英語課程標準(實驗)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.