閱讀題的題型特點及應試技巧

一、主旨題的考查

主旨題考查也就是對短文中心大意的考查，這是測試考生對全文理解程度的題型。提問形式主要有：

The passage/text is mainly about_____.

The general idea of the passage is _____.

What is the main subject of the passage?

解題技巧：首先通讀文章，概括短文大意，抓住首段或末段的主題句，因為各主題句能夠體現全文的中心大意。

二、事實細節題的考查

這類考題要求考生確認文章敘述的事實和細節，在閱讀理解中所占比例較大。常見的提問形式有：

Which of the following statements is (not) true?

Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the text?

Where/When did the story happen?

解題技巧：只要針對題目查找原文，找到相關句子即可解決問題，但選擇項一般不是文中原話，有時需要進行一定的綜合判斷。

三、短文標題的考查

此類題型要求考生根據全文內容概括總結出文章題目。常見的提問形式有：

The passage is entitled (as) ______.

The headline of the passage would be_______.

What is the best title for the passage?

解題技巧：通讀全文，找出主題句，利用文章中的關鍵詞或詞組來概括和歸納中心思想。注意在確定文章主旨時，選項內容往往都是事實，但主旨思想既不能太具體，也不能太籠統。

四、意態題的考查

這類考題是針對文章作者、文中人物的意圖或態度提出的，要求考生讀完短文后做出正確判斷。常見的提問形式有：

The author of this passage intends to_____.

The writer suggests in this passage that_____.

The main purpose of writing the text is to_____.

解題技巧：要善于通過作者的用詞風格或上下文關系判斷作者的寫作意圖和態度，通過字里行間來理解全文，領會作者的言外之意。

五、推斷題的考查

這類題主要是考查推理和判斷能力。考生不但要理解個別句子的意思，還要理解所讀材料上下文中的邏輯關系。常見的提問方式有：

What does the passage imply?

What can we conclude from the passage?

The passage is probably taken from a book about...

解題技巧：這種試題答案在短文中不能直接找到，應仔細閱讀原文，運用判斷、推理和作結論的方法來選擇正確答案。有的還應借助生活常識和文化背景等知識來作答。

六、詞匯題的考查

這類題是測試考生對文章中某個詞匯或某個短語的理解能力。考查的詞多數為生詞或有新義的單詞、詞組。常見的提問句式有：

The word... most probably means _____.

The word... is closest in meaning to_____.

Which can be used instead of the bold word in paragraph...?

解題技巧：利用構詞法和語言規律可以猜測一個詞的大致含義和詞性；具體詞義可通過上下文，也就是文中的定義、舉例、對比等猜詞法來猜測。

相關閱讀練習：

Time and time again， one may be warned， “Your name will be mud.” Many have used the expression in the mistaken belief that it has something to do with the kind of dirt found in the streets or on unclean river bottoms. But the expression comes from the name of Doctor Samuel Alexander Mudd， a physician who fixed the broken leg of John Wilkes Booth， the man who killed President Abraham Lincoln. Doctor Mudd treated Booth’s injured leg without knowing who he was.

A small group helped to plan Lincoln’s murder. They were all caught and sentenced to death or prison terms. Doctor Mudd had nothing to do with Lincoln’s murder or with any of the men who had planned it.

All seemed to show that he was an innocent man. But he had given some kind of help only to leave Booth to escape. This in itself was a crime then. And so， Doctor Mudd was sentenced to prison for life. In prison， Doctor Mudd saved many prisoners and guards in a yellow fever (黃熱病) outbreak. President Andrew Johnson pardoned him in 1869， after the doctor had spent almost four years in ｐrison.

The American people considered the murder of Lincoln a heavy blow to them. It filled them with bitterness that lasted many years. They hated Booth very， very much and they also hated anybody who had helped the murderer in any way. Doctor Mudd was freed， but people never forgave him and his name passed into American folk speech as something bad， hateful. The Mudd family had also suffered a lot because of the name until not long age.

1.What is the best title for this passage?

A.Abraham Lincoln， the Great President for the American People.

B.Your Name Will Be Mud.

C.Social Problems in the USA during the 1860s.

D.Old Law System of the USA.

2.Why was Doctor Samuel Alexander Mudd put in prison? Which of the following statements is true?

A.He had helped Booth murder Lincoln.

B.The American people loved Abraham Lincoln deeply.

C.He treated Booth’s injured leg without knowing who he was.

D.He hadn’t reported the fact to the American government.

3.From the last paragraph it can be inferred that_____.

A.doctor Mudd has recently been set free

B.doctor Mudd’s innocence was declared

C.there will be more expressions with mud

D.the American people hate anyone who killed their president

4.The author of this passage intends to tell us____.

A.how the expression “Your name will be mud” came from

B.who killed Abraham Lincoln

C.why Doctor Mudd was sentenced to ｐrison

D.the American people loved Lincoln very much

5.The underlined word “physician” means____.

A. repairmanB. physicist

C. health trainerD. doctor

keys: 1. B(標題考查)2.C (事實題)3. D (推斷題)4. A (意態題)5. D (詞匯題)