四、六級對話聽力命題規律與解題技巧

四、六級英語對話聽力測試部分一般是15個小題，由A和B兩部分組成。第一部分通常是8個對話，每個對話設一個小題，要求同學們根據對話內容從四個選項中選擇正確答案。第二部分為兩篇長對話，每個長對話之后會有3至4道題，共7個小題。對話部分試題題材多為人們熟悉的交際場合中的一般話題，對話用的是口語體，語言簡練，句型豐富，有陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、省略句等。聽力對話主要分成計算型、地點型、關系型、推論型、含蓄型等。由于此部分位于整套試卷的最前面，因此其完成的程度與質量都直接影響著考生的情緒和心態。對話聽力主要測試以下聽力技能：

（1）辨別語流中的音素；（2）辨別重音類型；（3）理解婉訴祈使句的聲調，理解表達不確定、疑問句、陳述句的升調以及反意疑問句的語調；（4）理解句子和話語的交際價值；（5）通過聲音的高低、快慢，辨認語篇中的要點和主要信息；（6）作準確的判斷；（7）做筆記。

考生要想在四、六級英語聽力對話部分取得高分，必須掌握對話題型的命題規律和測試重點：

地點、方向題：根據對話內容判斷對話發生的地點或對話中所提事件發生的地點是四、六級英語聽力測試中常見的也是比較重要的一個題型。地點題一般有以下幾種：

(1)根據信息詞設題

W: Dear， I feel hungry now. How about you?

M: So do I. Let me call room service. Hello， room service. Please send a menu to 320 right away.

Q: Where are the two speakers?

A. In a hotel.B. At a dinner table.

C. In the street.D. At the man’ s house.

該題通過hungry和menu來迷惑同學們，引導大家選擇B，其實，本題所借助的信息詞是room service和320這個房間號，答案是A。

(2)借助對話中提到的多個地點設題

有時對話中提到的地點不只一個，這時，一般是將所有的地點都包括在選項之中。這種情況下，同學們不必考慮信息詞問題，只要能將地點與其相關事件聯系起來就可確定答案。如：

M: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend?

W: He’ ll be supposed to， but he won’ t be back from his trip until the next week.

Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday?

A. At the party B. At home

C. Still on his tripD. Back from his trip.

本題是將地點與時間連在一起，要求同學們在聽的同時注意區別每個事件所發生的時間，答案為C。

職業、身份題：根據說話內容判斷說話者的身份和職業是四、六級聽力測試中又一常見題型。該題型的題項設計有兩種：

(1)說話者的身份或職業

根據談話內容判斷說話者一方的職業或身份：

W: Good evening， Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. I’ m with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?

M: Not at all. Go ahead， please.

Q: What is Susan Gray?

A. A writer. B.A teacher. C.A reporter. D.A student.

由local newspaper可以判斷說話者是位記者，在采訪。

(2)說話雙方之間的關系

該題型是上一題型的延伸，要求同學們能判斷說話者雙方的身份，問題經常是What’ s the relationship between the two speakers?

W: How long will it take you to fix my watch?

M: I’ ll call you when it’ s ready. But it shouldn’ t take longer than a week.

Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A.Librarian and student.B.Operator and caller.

C.Boss and secretary. D.Customer and repairman.

既然女士讓男的fix my watch，說明對方是repairman，而自己是customer。從以上可以看出，職業、身份以及說話雙方關系的選擇所依據的同樣是信息詞。當然，要判斷雙方的關系，還可以從說話的方式入手。如：

M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.

W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.

Q:What’ s the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Boss and secretary.B. Lawyer and client.

C. Teacher and student.D. Nurse and patient.

兩人間說話的語氣和方式表明是“老板與秘書”的關系。

計算題：計算題在四、六級英語聽力中屬于比較難的題型，要求同學們不僅能分辨不同的時間、金錢等數量概念，還應能將聽到的各個數量聯系起來進行加減運算。如：

W: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons.

M: Really? I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons.

Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend?

A. Five lessons.B. Three lessons.

C. Twelve lessonsD. Fifteen lessons.

這是最簡單的計算題，只要同學們不將答案誤認為是C或D，就不會出錯。

從以上例子可以看出，含有數量概念的題，對話中提到的數量一般不可能為正確答案，總要同學們進行一些簡單的加減運算。

推理判斷題：推測說話者話中之話是聽力中必考的題型。從試題的設計特點來看，大體有以下幾種：

(1)對虛擬語氣的考查

包含虛擬語氣的聽力考題中一般都有“是與非”相對的選項，這就要求同學們了解虛擬語氣的表意功能，根據虛擬語氣判斷正確選項。如：

W: If it hadn’ t been snowing so hard， I might have been home by 9 o’ clock.

M: It’ s too bad you didn’ t make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you.

Q: What happened to the woman?

A.She got home before 9 o’ clock. B.She had a bad cold.

C.She had a car accident. D.She was delayed.

說明因為雪太大，說話者未能在9點前到家。也就是說she was delayed。

(2)對建議的考查

建議題要求同學們掌握建議的各種表達方式，根據建議選擇正確選項。如：

W: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it.

M: How about moving the old dinning table to the kitchen？

Q: What does the man suggest they should do?

A. Finding a larger room.B. Sell the old table.

C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.

根據moving the dining table to the kitchen來判斷答案為D。

(3)對話題的考查

話題指會話雙方所談論的話題，要求同學們具有概括能力。如：

W: Do you want a day course or an evening course?

M: Well， it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.

Q: What are they talking about?

A. The choice of courses.B. A day course.

C. An evening course. D. Their work.

兩個人談論的是選白天的課還是晚上的課，由此可以判斷答案應該是A。

（4)對隱含意思的考查

四、六級聽力測試中對隱含意思的考查很大程度上依賴于同義表達方式，也就是同學們對具體句式、短語、詞組甚至單詞的理解。如：

M: What do you think of Professor Brown’ s lecture?

W: The topic was interesting， but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected.

Q: What does the woman say about the lecture?

A. It was a long lecture， but easy to understand.

B. It was not as easy as she had expected.

C. It was as difficult as she had expected.

D. It was interesting and easy to follow.

與much more difficult to follow than I had expected同義的應該是B。

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