Application of prostate health index and prostate health index density in th detection of intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer
CHEN Chenchen,ZHOU Yinghao,XU Yaozong,MENG Yibo,SHI Guowei,ZHANG Jun,YU Wandong (Department of Urology,The 5th People's Hospital of Shanghai,Fudan University,Shanghai 2Oo240,China)
ABSTRACT:ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of prostate health index(PHI)and prostate health index density (PHID)in identifying intermediate-to high-risk prostate cancer(PCa).MethodsClinicaldataof l6O treatment-naive patients with highlysuspected PCa,who underwent initial prostate biopsy inour hospital duringJul.2O2 andFeb.2024,were retrospectivelyanalyzed.Data includedage,body mass index(BMI),prostatevolume(PV),total prostate-specificantigen (tPSA),free PSA(fPSA),[-2]proPSA (p2PSA),PHI and PHID.Biopsy-positive results were stratified according to the EAU D'Amico risk criteria.Receiveroperating characteristic(ROC)curve and multivariate logisticregresionanalysis were employedto assssthe diagnostic performance of PHIand PHID in predictingPCaand identifying intermediate-to high-risk PCa.ResultsThere were statisticallsignificant diferences intPSA,p2PSA,PHIand PHID betweenthe negative andpositive groups,as well as among the low-,medium- and high-risk groups ( Plt;0.01 . Both PHI and PHID demonstrated good diagnostic performance in predicting PCa ( AUC=0.820 8 and O.875 7,respectively; all Plt;0.001 ),and in identifying intermediate- to high-risk PCa(AUC :=0.8380 and O.878 3,respectively;all Plt;0.001 ) .Compared to the baseline model,the incorporation of PHIand PHID individually into the multivariate model significantly improved the screening performance for PCa ( AUC= 0. 910 and O.898,respectively;all Plt;0.001 ).ConclusionPHI and PHID exhibit high diagnostic efficacy in screening PCa, particularly in identifying intermediate- to high-risk disease.
KEY WORDS:prostate cancer;intermediate-to high-risk prostatecancer;prostate health index;prostatehealth index density
中圖分類號:R737.25 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8291.2025.08.002
前列腺癌(prostatecancer,PCa)是常見的男性泌尿生殖系統惡性腫瘤,近年來的發病率和死亡率均顯著上升[1-2]。最新數據表明,美國PCa 的新發病例已超過肺癌,躍居第一,對男性健康構成重大威脅[3]。PCa的早期篩查主要依賴于前列腺特異性抗原(prostatespecificantigen,PSA)檢測,但大量的臨床實踐和研究表明,PSA特異度較差,陽性預測值相對較低[47],常因無法準確區分良惡性病變,導致不必要的活檢以及對低危患者的過度治療,在PSA灰區1
中的患者應用備受爭議[8]。因此,在PCa的診斷和管理中,識別和利用更高精確度的生物標志物變得越來越重要。
前列腺健康指數(prostatehealthindex,PHI)由總前列腺特異性抗原(totalprostatespecificantigen,tPSA)、游離前列腺特異性抗原(freeprostatespecificantigen,fPSA)和前列腺特異性抗原前體 2 型([-2]pro-prostate specific antigen,p2PSA)通過特定公式計算得到[8]。多項研究表明,PHI在預測PCa及侵襲性方面相較于tPSA、fPSA水平和前列腺特異性抗原密度(prostatespecificantigendensity,PSAD)更有優勢[9-11],但值得注意的是,前列腺體積(prostaticvolume,PV)對PHI的診斷效能有影響[12]。前列腺健康指數密度(prostatehealthindexdensity,PHID)是在PHI的基礎上納入PV,通過體積矯正可在一定程度上更準確地反映單位體積內的癌變風險,但目前尚未得到充分探索,因此本研究進一步評估PHI和PHID在預測PCa及識別中高危PCa中的臨床意義。
1資料與方法
1.1研究對象回顧性收集2022年7月—2024年2月于復旦大學附屬上海市第五人民醫院泌尿外科行經直腸超聲引導前列腺穿刺活檢的160例初診未治高度可疑PCa患者的臨床資料。其中穿刺活檢病理陽性87例,陰性73例。收集其身高、體質量,并計算身體質量指數(bodymassindex,BMI),其中BMIlt;18.5 組7例, 18.5?BMIlt;24 組91例, BMI?24 組62例。……