延安時期中國共產黨對民間文藝的改造與利用

中圖分類號：G127 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1673-3851（2025）06-0315-11

On the transformation and utilization of folk literature and art by the Communist Party of China during the Yan'an period

HE Junjie， HUANG Liuping （School of Marxism，Zhejiang Sci-Tech University，Hangzhou 31ool8，China）

Abstract： During the Yan'an period，there were abundant folk art resources in the Shaanxi-GansuNingxia border area，among which Qin opera，Meihu opera， folk songs and Yangko dance were typical representatives. In the process of building up the base areas， the Communist Party of China（CPC） promoted the transformation and utilization of folk literature and art under the guidance of Marxist theory. The Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art clarified the functions and requirements of literature and art to serve workers，peasants and soldiers. Literary and artistic workers took root in rural areas and devoted themselves to artistic creation. Through the transformation of dramas，folk songs and Yangko dance in northern Shaanxi，they created a large number of literary and artistic works with people's character and national character，realizing the inheritance and innovation of traditional literary and artistic forms.The transformation of folk literature andart bythe CPC not only met thecultural lifeneeds of the people in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area，propagated the Party's line，principles and policies，but also injected strong spiritual force into the Anti-Japanese War and land reform.The practical experience of the CPC in reforming and utilizing folk literature and art intheYan'an period provided experiencefor the innovative developmentof cultural work in the new era，which is of great significance for enhancing the theoretical consciousness and action consciousness of the Sinicization of Marxism，and further promoting the \"second combination\".

Key words： Yan^′ an period; the Communist Party of China（CPC）； Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area;folk literature and art； folk drama; folk songs of northern Shaanxi; folk Yangko

紅軍長征到達延安后，延安和陜甘寧邊區成為中國人民抗日戰爭的領導中心，是中國共產黨“一切工作的試驗地\"[1]。推進根據地建設過程中，中國共產黨將目光轉向文化建設。根植于邊區百姓日常生活的民間文藝①，成為推進文化建設的重要資源。延安時期，中國共產黨通過對民間文藝內容與形式的改造，推動了傳統文化的現代化轉型，探索出了一條適合中國國情的文藝發展道路，助力了抗戰動員、土地改革、大生產運動等黨的中心工作的開展。

長期以來，延安時期的文化建設一直是黨史、革命史研究的熱點。隨著新文化史研究的興起，傳統革命史研究呈現出明顯的“文化轉向”，相關探討逐步增多，涌現出一批研究成果。例如，李明德等從傳播學視角深人分析了延安時期戲劇文學創作、傳播活動的歷史意義及其與延安文化構建的關系。艾克恩[3對延安文藝發展歷程和經驗、成就進行了總結概括。張海燕4指出，延安文藝工作者改造與利用傳統文藝，推動了馬克思主義中國化進程。徐功獻[5認為馬克思恩格斯關于改造與利用傳統文藝的學說等科學理論，是延安時期中國共產黨改造與利用傳統文藝并取得輝煌成就的保證。羅嗣亮認為延安時期毛澤東提出的革命文藝“民族化”口號，意味著革命文藝從單一的階級立場轉換為民族一階級雙重立場。何明霞指出延安時期中國化的馬克思主義文藝倫理觀是在具體的文藝實踐中對傳統文藝倫理觀進行批判與改造而成的。……