詐騙罪中被害人處分財產(chǎn)性利益的行為認定

中圖分類號：D924.3 文獻標志碼：A

Abstract： To determine the victim's disciplinary action of property interest in fraud，it is necessary to start from the relationship between the property interest and the \"property\"，so as to ensure whether the \"property\" is the object of the criminal act of property which includes the property interest. According to the theory of the possibility of physical management and the characteristics of the debt itself，it can be judged that part of the original right of the debt is a property interest. It is necessary to start from the victim's point of view for fraud composition of property interests to examine whether there is disciplinary action and disciplinary awareness. Disciplinary action is mainly manifested in the loss of the victim's interests when the interests of the perpetrator or others increase. In the composition of fraud，the victim's disciplinary awareness is an important basis for connecting the perpetrator's fraudulent behavior and the victim's disciplinary action. It is necessary to determine whether the victim has disciplinary awareness of disposition： in cases where there is a misunderstanding of the scope of the property interest，the victim does not have disciplinary awareness to the exceeding scope；in cases where there is a misunderstanding of the value of the property interest， the victim has disciplinary awareness.

Key words： fraud； property interest；disciplinary action； disciplinary awareness；debt

伴隨社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，財產(chǎn)的存在形態(tài)日趨多樣，如何認定詐騙財產(chǎn)性利益的行為成為了學(xué)界研究的重要問題。詐騙罪的行為對象是“財物”，《中華人民共和國刑法》尚未明確財產(chǎn)性利益與財物的關(guān)系，司法機關(guān)對財產(chǎn)性利益亦未形成統(tǒng)一認識。例如，在湖北楊某詐騙案中，法院認為詐騙罪的對象不包含財產(chǎn)性利益①；而在云南黃某詐騙案中，財產(chǎn)性利益被視為財產(chǎn)②。鑒于司法實踐的現(xiàn)狀，理論界試圖厘清財產(chǎn)性利益與財物的聯(lián)系：有觀點從事務(wù)管理可能性出發(fā)，將財產(chǎn)性利益納入財物的范圍[1；亦有學(xué)者提出，財產(chǎn)性利益只有在具備管理可能性、轉(zhuǎn)移可能性、價值性時才能成為財產(chǎn)犯罪的對象[2]。由此可見，在司法實踐和理論研究中，對財產(chǎn)性利益能否成立詐騙罪存在爭議。值得注意的是，目前多數(shù)案例主要圍繞債進行探討，故以債為載體、明晰財產(chǎn)性利益與詐騙罪行為對象的關(guān)系將有利于解決現(xiàn)存的疑難問題。

作為一種交互型犯罪，詐騙罪強調(diào)被害人的作用。財產(chǎn)性利益的特性一定程度上影響了被害人的處分行為和處分意識。在詐騙狹義財物的場合，行為對象在物理意義上具有實體，占有轉(zhuǎn)移可視且明確。但財產(chǎn)性利益屬于觀念上的利益，占有轉(zhuǎn)移的過程無法被肉眼觀察。因此，相比于狹義財物，被害人處分財產(chǎn)性利益的行為存在不同的表現(xiàn)形式。以目前多數(shù)案例中出現(xiàn)的債為例，處分行為意味著債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系的產(chǎn)生、變更、消滅?！?br>