中圖分類號:G210 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1673-3851(2025)04-0163-08
Abstract: News avoidance has become a significant concern in journalism. Drawing from Zygmunt Bauman's theory of liquid society and using semi-structured interviews,this study explores users' news avoidance behaviors. The research suggests that users' news avoidance behavior includes optimizing choices,flexible strategizing,and self-adjustment. The main driving logic is divided into three major points.First,in the liquefied space-time of modern society,users select highly relevant news to enhance their sense of news efcacy and avoid homogeneous news to prevent burnout. Second,in the context of liquefied power in modern society,users actively employ \" curation\" avoidance to ensure diversity in information consumption and choose anti-news discipline due to the collapse of public trust in the media. Third,in the liquefied individuality of modern society, users ignore negative news to build an information safe barrier,and in the face of polarized public opinion,choose self-defense to pursue group belonging and identity. In terms of coping strategies, the concepts of constructive journalism,exploring journalism's self-sustaining models,improving platform governance, and reconstructing news theory in the digital age provide feasible approaches to mitigate the negative effects of news avoidance.
Key words: liquid society; news avoidance; user behavior; generation logic; constructive journalism
在2000年出版的著作《流動的現(xiàn)代性》中,齊格蒙特·鮑曼引入“液態(tài)社會\"這一概念描述現(xiàn)代性發(fā)展至后期的社會形態(tài)特征。他指出:“權(quán)力從街道和集市、從會堂和國會、從地方政府和中央政府流走,流進電子網(wǎng)絡的表層。\"[1]61這表明,傳統(tǒng)的高度集權(quán)社會結(jié)構(gòu)正在逐漸瓦解,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)賦予個體新的權(quán)力,但液態(tài)的不穩(wěn)定性也帶來了一系列挑戰(zhàn):個體孤獨感的增加、對即時滿足的追求、社會秩序的瓦解、安全感的喪失,以及人們對于生存的普遍焦慮。這些變化深刻地影響著現(xiàn)代社會,重塑著個體與社會的關(guān)系。
液態(tài)社會這一概念不但揭示了整個社會結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷,更是解讀當下新聞領域嬗變的重要視角。荷蘭新聞學者馬克·德爾茲乃是將“液態(tài)”話語從社會學引入新聞業(yè)的關(guān)鍵人物。當前,國內(nèi)對于液態(tài)新聞業(yè)的研究視角大多延續(xù)德爾茲對新聞專業(yè)色彩的探討,聚焦于新聞生產(chǎn)以及新聞職業(yè)的變革。例如,陸曄等以澎湃新聞“東方之星”長江沉船事故報道為個案進行分析,總結(jié)出新聞業(yè)“液化”的兩個特征,即記者身份的“液化\"和新聞職業(yè)共同體的“液化”。同時,肯定了新聞專業(yè)主義理念在液態(tài)新聞生產(chǎn)中依舊具有理論意義和普遍價值。周睿鳴等[結(jié)合液態(tài)理論中鮑曼對于“共同體”的闡釋,在中國新聞業(yè)快速變遷的歷史語境下,通過對百余位中國新聞從業(yè)者的深度訪談,提出“液態(tài)的連接\"這一概念,用以概括受訪者對于職業(yè)共同體的“在地理解”。……