中圖分類號:I022 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1673-3851(2025)04-0148-07
Abstract:Literary value is not a priori existence,but a constantly changing product influenced by history and culture. Western literature from the
century to the present has undergone an evolution from literary value to entertainment value. To explore the change of literary value from the dual angles of \"enchantment\" and \"disenchantment\",the article provides a new perspective to reveal the process and reason behind the change. On the one hand,the value of \"literary\" is put forward to remove the \"charm\" of scientific authority given to literature by the Russian historical and cultural school; on the other hand, when the status of literary autonomy is established,it gives the \"charm\" of literary research to turn to the form level. The rise of electronic media makes us face the value of \"entertainment\" again,but we should also be alert to the \"magic charm\" of material pleasure brought by electronic media.
Key words: literary value; literary;entertainment;enchantment; disenchantment;electronic media
“祛魅\"(Disenchantment)一詞是德國社會學家馬克斯·韋伯在研究西方社會現代化(理性化)過程中提出的概念,是馬克斯·韋伯宗教社會學的核心概念?!办铟萛"的本意是指民眾將宗教世界觀和宗教倫理觀中混雜的帶有巫術性質的知識或者宗教倫理實踐內容中如圣禮儀式等救贖手段視為惡魔并加以祛除。通過祛魅,“把魔力(Magic)從世界中排出去\"1],使人們日漸從巫魅中解放自己。自此,人與世界的關系發生了徹底的改變。人不再從屬于世界或者僅僅作為世界的構成部分而存在;相反,人獲得了主體地位,以自我度量世。本文使用的“祛魅”一詞并非嚴格使用它的原初含義,即不是要革除宗教的權威性和神圣性,而是意在解構文學活動中那些具有高度霸權性質的權威和神圣。通過這種解構,人們能夠更加深入地理解和質疑文學中的權力結構,促進文學的民主化和多元化發展。
文學是一種依靠價值邏輯支撐起來的藝術形式,然而文學價值并非先驗的、超歷史的恒定不變之物,它會受到歷史和文化的雙重影響。從19世紀至今的西方文學來看,文學價值呈現出從文學性價值向娛樂性價值的轉向。因此,本文將從“祛魅\"和“賦魅\"的雙重視域探究這種轉向的深層機理。具體研究思路如下:首先,從文學性價值的“賦魅”與“祛魅”展開論述,深刻解析俄國歷史文化學派如何運用實證主義方法為文學“賦魅”,接著分析俄國形式主義流派如何通過確定文學性價值,對俄國歷史文化學派進行反撥,從而實現文學的“賦魅\"與“祛魅\"過程;……