模糊時(shí)間窗下的車機(jī)并行取送貨問題研究

摘 要：為解決農(nóng)村“最后一公里”的取送貨以及客戶滿意度低的難題，文章提出卡車搭配無(wú)人機(jī)配送的模式，以配送總成本最小化和客戶滿意度最大化為目標(biāo)建立數(shù)學(xué)約束模型，采用改進(jìn)的遺傳算法求解，并以江西省贛州市定南縣的村莊為例進(jìn)行應(yīng)用研究，結(jié)果表明卡車搭配無(wú)人機(jī)并行的運(yùn)輸模式與單獨(dú)使用卡車的運(yùn)輸方式相比，總成本得到充分降低，客戶滿意度也顯著提高。因此文章研究成果有望為解決農(nóng)村“最后一公里”配送降本增效以及提高客戶滿意度提供新思路和參考價(jià)值。

關(guān)鍵詞：模糊時(shí)間窗；無(wú)人機(jī)；取送貨；物流路徑規(guī)劃

中圖分類號(hào)：F252 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.14.017

文章編號(hào)：1002-3100（2024）14-0085-07

Research on the Parallel Pick-up and Delivery of Vehicles and Drones Under the Fuzzy Time Window

（1. School of Management， Wuhan University of Science amp; Technology， Wuhan 430065， China; 2. Center for Service Science and Engineering， Wuhan University of Science amp; Technology， Wuhan 430065， China）

Abstract： To solve the problems of picking up and delivering goods in the \"last kilometer\" and low customer satisfaction of rural areas， this article proposes a model of truck and drone delivery， with the goal of minimizing the total delivery cost and maximizing customer satisfaction. A mathematical constraint model is established， and an improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem. An application study is conducted，taking a village in Dingnan County， Ganzhou City， Jiangxi Province as an example. The results indicate that the transportation mode of trucks paired with drones in parallel significantly reduces the total cost and improves customer satisfaction compared to the transportation mode of using trucks alone. Therefore， the research results of this article are expected to provide new ideas and reference value for solving the problem of cost reduction and efficiency increase in rural \"last kilometer\" delivery， as well as improving customer satisfaction.

Key words： fuzzy time window; drones; picking up and delivering the goods; logistics path planning

0 引 言

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速蓬勃發(fā)展，農(nóng)村物流市場(chǎng)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大。然而，農(nóng)村地區(qū)獨(dú)特的地理特點(diǎn)也帶來(lái)了諸多挑戰(zhàn)：農(nóng)村地域廣闊，村莊之間距離遙遠(yuǎn)，居民點(diǎn)分布不均，導(dǎo)致物流成本居高不下，配送效率不高。盡管近年來(lái)，諸如京東和順豐等快遞企業(yè)已將物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)展至縣鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域，但農(nóng)村地區(qū)的快遞網(wǎng)點(diǎn)仍相對(duì)稀缺，配送工作人員也較少，僅依靠傳統(tǒng)的人力配送很容易受到交通、天氣、個(gè)人突發(fā)狀況等因素的影響而導(dǎo)致未能在客戶要求的時(shí)間內(nèi)送達(dá)，從而產(chǎn)生時(shí)效性差、客戶滿意度低等問題。因此，如何改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)的配送方式，發(fā)展農(nóng)村電商物流的“最后一公里”，已經(jīng)成為亟待解決的問題。另一方面，隨著電商平臺(tái)的蓬勃發(fā)展和“直播帶貨”助農(nóng)模式的興起，農(nóng)村地區(qū)的快遞需求得到了極大推動(dòng)，客戶退換貨需求不斷增加，逆向物流也嶄露頭角，這就意味著農(nóng)村物流的研究不應(yīng)只局限于配送問題上，還應(yīng)更加關(guān)注寄件問題。……