基于生命周期法的生鮮農產品冷鏈物流綠色度評價

摘" 要：隨著國家節能減排政策的深入，生鮮冷鏈作為能耗較高的物流產業，其綠色性引起了人們的重視。文章基于生鮮農產品冷鏈物流的全生命周期分析其各階段的綠色性，以各階段碳排放量和資源利用率為指標建立綠色度評價體系，并以番茄為例，基于生命周期法的計算數值，采用熵權法進行權重計算，進而用灰色關聯度法進行綠色度評價。評價結果表明，生鮮農產品運輸過程的損耗是對綠色度影響最大的因素，其次是車輛的能源利用率和貨物的實載率。另外，水路運輸的碳排放量遠低于公路運輸，但受限于地理條件和運輸時間。針對評價結果，給出了提高生鮮農產品冷鏈物流綠色度的建議，為減少碳排放量提供了改進方向。

" 關鍵詞：生命周期法；生鮮農產品；綠色度評價；熵權法；灰色關聯分析

" 中圖分類號：F304.3" " 文獻標志碼：A

DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.15.038

Abstract： With the deepening of national energy-saving and emission-reduction policies， fresh cold chain as a high energy-consuming logistics industry， its green has attracted people's attention. This paper analyzes the greenness of each life cycle stage and establishes the green degree evaluation system by taking the carbon emission and resource utilization rate of each stage as the indexes. The calculation value of tomato based on life cycle method is calculated by entropy weight method and the green degree is evaluated by grey correlation degree method. The evaluation results show that the loss of fresh produce during transportation was the most important factor affecting the greenness， followed by the efficient energy use of vehicles and the loading rate of goods. In addition， emissions from water transport are much lower than those from road transport， but are limited by geographical conditions and transport time. According to the evaluation results， some suggestions were given to improve the green degree of cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products， which provided an improvement direction for reducing carbon emission.

Key words： life cycle assessment; fresh agricultural products; green degree evaluation; entropy weight method; grey correlation analysis

0" 引" 言

為了應對氣候變暖和能源危機，各國都將大力發展低碳經濟作為國家戰略，并把節能減排列為重點工作之一。我國交通運輸業能源消耗占能源消耗總量30%以上，其規模龐大；隨著“低碳”理念的深入和國家節能減排政策力度加大，交通運輸行業面臨著新的挑戰。生鮮冷鏈物流作為其中一個能源消耗較高的環節，其綠色性的提升至關重要。生命周期法強調過程的整體性和全局性，每一階段都規定了詳細的工作程序，能夠較好地了解生鮮冷鏈物流各環節的綠色性。

LYU et al[1]學者以生命周期法為基礎，對農產品的碳足跡進行了深入研究。……