農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)視域下中國(guó)耕地“非糧化”的動(dòng)因與治理綜述

摘要我國(guó)的糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)、糧食主銷區(qū)和產(chǎn)銷平衡區(qū)均出現(xiàn)不同程度的耕地“非糧化”現(xiàn)象，嚴(yán)重影響我國(guó)的糧食安全，阻礙我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)。運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析法、政策解讀法和歸納總結(jié)法進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性總結(jié)，以期為我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)政策理論的制定提供借鑒和參考，助力農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)，并為后期學(xué)術(shù)研究提供幫助。研究結(jié)果表明，耕地“非糧化”概念的界定尚未形成定論，擬定為：耕地“非糧化”有廣義和狹義之分。廣義上的耕地“非糧化”指農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)者由于受到經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、自然、社會(huì)等多方面因素的驅(qū)動(dòng)將耕地利用方式從糧食生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閺氖乱磺蟹羌Z種植的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)行為。狹義上的耕地“非糧化”指農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)者由于受到經(jīng)濟(jì)比較效益的影響選擇在耕地上種植經(jīng)濟(jì)作物或其他農(nóng)作物而非糧食作物的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)行為。驅(qū)動(dòng)因素包括種糧比較效益低、工商資本下鄉(xiāng)、土地流轉(zhuǎn)、居民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)和農(nóng)村新生代群體受教育水平提高。整治措施包括堅(jiān)持和完善糧食補(bǔ)貼制度、嚴(yán)格落實(shí)耕地利用優(yōu)先序、引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)管工商資本下鄉(xiāng)、分區(qū)域并差別化整治耕地“非糧化”和遵循“大食物觀”優(yōu)化糧食生產(chǎn)布局。

關(guān)鍵詞“非糧化”；糧食安全；農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)；土地流轉(zhuǎn)；工商資本

中圖分類號(hào)F301"文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A"文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2024）24-0010-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.24.003

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識(shí)碼（OSID）：

ReviewoftheMotivationandManagementof“Non-grain”CultivatedLandinChinafromthePerspectiveofAgriculturalPower

ZHANGYu-chao，LIUJian，YAOZhi

（SchoolofEconomicsandManagement，YangtzeUniversity，Jingzhou，Hubei434023）

AbstractThephenomenonof“non-grainconversion”ofcultivatedlandappearstodifferentdegreesinthemaingrainproducingarea，maingrainmarketingareaandtheproductionandmarketingbalancearea，whichseriouslyaffectsthefoodsecurityofourcountryandhinderstheconstructionofChina’sagriculturalpower.Thesystematicsummaryismadebyusingliteratureanalysis，policyinterpretationandinduction，inordertoprovidereferencefortheformulationofChina’sagriculturalpolicytheory，helptheconstructionofanagriculturalpower，andprovidehelpforlateracademicresearch.Theresultssuggestthatthedefinitionoftheconceptof“non-grain”ofcultivatedlandhasnotyetreachedaconclusion.Thispaperproposesthatthe“non-grain”ofcultivatedlandcanbedividedintobroadandnarrow.The“non-grain”ofcultivatedlandinabroadsensereferstotheagriculturalmanagementbehaviorthatagriculturaloperatorschangetheuseofcultivatedlandfromfoodproductiontoallnon-grainplantingduetoeconomic，political，natural，socialandotherfactors.The“non-grain”ofcultivatedlandinthenarrowsensereferstotheagriculturalproductionbehaviorthatagriculturaloperatorschoosetoplantcashcropsorothercropsoncultivatedlandinsteadoffoodcropsbecauseoftheimpactofeconomiccomparativebenefits.Thedrivingfactorsincludelowcomparativebenefitofgrainfarming，industrialandcommercialcapitaltothecountryside，landtransfer，upgradingofresidents’consumptionstructureandimprovingeducationlevelofthenewgenerationinruralareas.Therectificationmeasuresincludeadheringtoandimprovingthegrainsubsidysystem，strictlyimplementingthepriorityorderofcultivatedlandutilization，guidingandsupervisingindustrialandcommercialcapitaltothecountryside，improvingcultivatedland“non-grain”indifferentregionsandfollowingthe“BigFoodConcept”tooptimizethedistributionofgrainproduction.

Keywords“Non-grain”;Foodsecurity;Agriculturalpower;Landcirculation;Industrialandcommercialcapital

基金項(xiàng)目延安大學(xué)產(chǎn)學(xué)研項(xiàng)目（RDI2024003）。

作者簡(jiǎn)介張育超（2000—），男，湖北當(dāng)陽人，碩士研究生，研究方向：農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論與政策。

*通信作者，副教授，博士，從事農(nóng)業(yè)政策理論研究。……