2001—2022年河南省花生生產動態變化

摘要 花生含有豐富的食用植物油和蛋白質，是我國食用植物油的重要來源之一。明確河南省各地市花生生產相對優勢，優化花生生產布局，進一步提高全省油料綜合生產能力?；?001年以來的河南省油料生產數據，利用集中度和比較優勢分析了河南省域內花生的時空演變特征。2001—2022年，河南省花生年度總產量增加1.09倍，占河南省油料作物總產的73.6%～90.7%。2001年以來，花生分布集中趨勢更加明顯，南陽和駐馬店2地花生年產量位居全省前2位，集中度指數（CR2）由28.1%穩步增加至53.0%。南陽市、周口市和商丘市的花生效率優勢指數分別為1.03～1.35、1.03～1.31、0.97～1.35。南陽、駐馬店、開封3地具有明顯的規模優勢，優勢指數分別為1.07～1.91、1.56～2.14、1.39～1.83。2001—2022年，開封市花生生產綜合優勢指數為1.12～1.50；南陽市優勢指數從1.08升至1.41；駐馬店市綜合優勢指數從0.81增加至1.44，表明這3地具有較高的花生綜合生產優勢。花生是河南省最主要的油料作物，分布呈集中趨勢。南陽和駐馬店是河南省2個核心花生產區，花生產量占比超過全省總產量的50%。開封具有明顯的花生綜合生產優勢，但主要依賴其突出的相對種植規模。此外，周口和商丘花生單產水平較高，但是相對種植面積偏少。

關鍵詞 油料作物；時空變化；花生；集中度；比較優勢

中圖分類號 S-9；F 327 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）20-0206-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.20.050

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Dynamic Changes in Peanut Production of Henan Province from 2001 to 2022

LI Zhong-feng， CAO Di， MA Xing-li et al

（College of Agronomy， Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou， Henan 450046）

Abstract Peanut is rich in edible vegetable oil and protein， which is one of the important sources of edible vegetable oil in China. To clarify the relative advantages of peanut production in various cities and to optimize the layout of peanut production and further improve the total production capacity of oil crops in Henan Province， we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of peanuts by using concentration and comparative advantage based on the production data of oil crops in Henan Province since 2001.Annual peanut yield showed an increase of 1.09 times in 2001-2022， accounted for 73.6% -90.7% of the total oil crop production in Henan Province. Since 200 the distribution of peanuts had become more concentrated， with Nanyang and Zhumadian ranking among the top two production regions in the province. The concentration ratio （CR2） steadily increased from 28.1% to 53.0%. The peanut effic46eb66f382d5e84a3a03721d3f0b900ee97b9941e3319d86955074184c3d3e81iency advantage indices of Nanyang， Zhoukou and Shangqiu were 1.03-1.35， 1.03-1.31 and 0.97-1.35， respectively. Nanyang， Zhumadian and Kaifeng had relatively obvious scale advantages， with the indices of 1.07-1.9 1.56-2.14 and 1.39-1.83， respectively. In 2001-2022， Kaifeng had the comprehensive advantage index of 1.12-1.50 in peanut production. Over the same period， the advantage index rose from 1.08 to 1.41 in Nanyang， and increased from 0.81 to 1.44 in Zhumadian. As the most important oil crop in Henan Province， peanuts displayed a concentrated distribution trend. Nanyang and Zhumadian were the two core peanut production areas in Henan Province， with the peanut yield accounting for more than half of that in Henan Province. Kaifeng had obviously comprehensive advantages in peanut production， which however mainly relied on its prominent planting scale. In addition， both Zhoukou and Shangqiu showed a high level of peanut yield per unit area ， but the relatively reduced planting areas.

Key words Oil crops;Spatial-temporal change;Peanut;Concentration;Comparative advantage

油料作物含有大量植物油和蛋白質，為人類生活提供豐富脂肪酸、維生素E、植物甾醇、角鯊烯、多酚類化合物、磷脂等多種營養物質，對于維持人體正常新陳代謝和身體健康至關重要［1］?！?br>