


摘要 為有效防治玉米小斑病和玉米銹病,篩選有效防控的生物制劑,選用復合微生物菌劑(3 種有效菌種:枯草芽孢桿菌+解淀粉芽孢桿菌+膠凍樣類芽孢桿菌)20億CFU/mL、微生物菌劑哈茨木霉粉劑5億CFU/g、20%春雷霉素水分散粒劑和4%井岡霉素A水劑4種殺菌劑進行田間藥效試驗。結果表明,復合微生物菌劑(3種有效菌種:枯草芽孢桿菌+解淀粉芽孢桿菌+膠凍樣類芽孢桿菌)對玉米田2種病害的田間防效最優(yōu),哈茨木霉粉劑5億CFU/g對玉米小斑病的防效較好,20%春雷霉素水分散粒劑對玉米銹病的防效較理想。該研究結果可為玉米綠色生產提供參考。
關鍵詞 生物制劑;玉米;小斑??;銹病
中圖分類號 S 435.131 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2024)20-0115-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.20.029
開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
Field Efficacy of 4 Biological Fungicides on 2 Diseases of Maize
CHEN Ya-li TANG Yi-ting ZHANG Xue-feng 2 et al
(1.Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001;2.National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agritural Science Observation, Huaian, Jiangsu 223001)
Abstract To effectively control the southern corn leaf blight and southern corn rust, the field control effect of four fungicides including compound microbial bacterial 2×109 CFU/mL, Trichoderma harzianum 5×108 CFU/g, kasugamycin 20% WG 191 g/hm2 and Jingangmycin A 6% AS were evaluated. The results showed that compound microbial bacterial 2×109 CFU/mL was the most effective fungicide against the control the southern corn leaf blight and southern corn rust, Trichoderma harzianum 5×108 CFU/g and kasugamycin 20% WG was good effective to the southern corn leaf blight, southern corn rust, respectively. The results of this study can provide reference for the green production of maize.
Key words Biological fungicide;Maize;Southern corn leaf blight;Southern corn rust
玉米不僅是我國重要的糧食作物,也是重要的飼料作物和工業(yè)原料[1-4]。根據2022年中國統(tǒng)計年鑒[5],玉米的種植面積超過稻谷和小麥。雖然玉米的播種面積在穩(wěn)步增長,但病害的頻頻發(fā)生仍是造成產量和品質下降的重要原因[6-8]。我國報道的玉米病害超過30多種,其中葉部病害超過10種[9]。近年來,隨著氣候條件的變化、耕作制度的改變、品種的更新?lián)Q代,玉米病害也發(fā)生了明顯的變化,一些次要病害或極少發(fā)生的病害逐漸上升為玉米田的主要病害,近幾年發(fā)生嚴重,對玉米產量構成很大威脅,如玉米小斑病、玉米銹病等[10-13]。
玉米小斑病(corn southern leaf blight)是由玉蜀黍平臍蠕孢屬Bipolaris maydis引起的,是世界玉米產區(qū)重要的葉部病害[13-14],在玉米整個生育期均可發(fā)生,以抽雄和灌漿期最為嚴重,從下部葉片開始發(fā)生,逐漸向上部葉片蔓延,嚴重時導致整株葉片枯死[15]。……