丘陵溝壑區不同蕎麥品種區域比較試驗研究

摘要 為挖掘和利用優異的蕎麥種質資源，篩選適合延安地區種植的蕎麥品種，為當地蕎麥生產提供科學依據，以引進征集的7個甜蕎品種資源為試材，通過連續3年不同區域試驗，對其物候期、生育期、農藝性狀和經濟產量等進行研究分析。結果表明，參試品種生育期為63～85 d，均屬于中早熟品種；株高為60.0～141.7 cm，主莖分枝為1.9～3.6個，主莖節數為6.4～16.0節。株型均為緊湊型，粒色為棕色、褐色和黑色。參試品種單株粒重為1.4～10.5 g，千粒重為26.3～42.0 g，產量658.5～1 792.5 kg/hm2。通過比較不同試驗點的產量表現，發現在寶塔區、安塞區和甘泉縣試驗點，產量最高的蕎麥品種分別為TQ10-05、TQ10-04和TQ10-06，這些品種在當地的種植條件下表現出優異的產量性能，具有較高的推廣價值。

關鍵詞 蕎麥；種質資源；品種；區域試驗

中圖分類號 S 517 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）20-0016-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.20.004

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Comparative Regional Trial Study of Different Buckwheat Varieties in Hilly and Gullied Areas

CAO Yan WANG Gai-gai2，LIU Xiao-jin2 et al

（1.Yan’an Vocational & Technical College，Yan’an，Shaanxi 716000;2.Yan’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Yan’an，Shaanxi 716000）

Abstract To identify and utilize excellent buckwheat germplasm resources， to screen out buckwheat varieties suitable for cultivation in Yan’an， and to provide scientific basis for local buckwheat production， seven introduced and collected sweet buckwheat varieties were used as experimental materials. Through continuous trials in different regions for three years， their phenological period， growth period， agronomic traits and economic yield were analyzed. The results showed that the growth period of the tested varieties ranged from 63 to 85 days， all belonging to medium-early maturity varieties. The plant heights ranged from 60.0 to 141.7 cm， with 1.9 to 3.6 main stem branches and 6.4 to 16.0 main stem nodes. All varieties had compact plant types， and the grain colors were brown， tan and black. The tested varieties had grain weights per plant ranged from 1.4 to 10.5 g， with 1 000-grain weight 26.3-42.0 MBgvj7d9b+wBOI9EmlzvVmmPRNg3xpSqTclaQ29OrsQ=g and yield 658.5-1 792.5 kg/hm2. By comparing the yield performance of different test sites， the buckwheat varieties with the highest yields in Baota District， Ansai District and Ganquan County were TQ10-05， TQ10-04 and TQ10-06， respectively. These varieties showed excellent yield performance under local planting conditions and have high promotion value.

Key words Buckwheat；Germplasm resources；Variety；Regional trial

蕎麥屬蓼科蕎麥屬植物，有甜蕎（Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.）和苦蕎［Fagopyrum tataricum（L.）Gaertn.］2個栽培種，其余為野生種［Fagopyrum cymosum（Trev.）Meissn.］［1］。蕎麥作為一種重要的糧食作物，含有蕎麥堿、蘆丁、煙酸、亞油酸以及多種維生素和微量元素，因此具有較高的營養價值［2］。蕎麥還具有抗氧化、預防高血糖、高血脂、高血壓以及動脈硬化等心腦血管疾病等方面的營養保健作用，號稱“百谷之王”［3-5］。最早在《百草綱目》中記載蕎麥具有實腸胃、磨積滯、除百濁、益氣力、續精神等功效［6-8］。蕎麥有生理特性獨特和環境適應性強的特點，因此成為我國西北地區當地居民主要的糧食作物之一。其中延安地區作為的陜北主要種植蕎麥地之一，由于丘陵溝壑區地形復雜、氣候多變，蕎麥的產量和品質常常受到影響，如何在延安地區選擇適宜的蕎麥品種成為一個亟待解決的問題?！?br>