不同流量點(diǎn)源入滲對(duì)蘋果園土壤鹽分分布的影響

摘要 ［目的］通過調(diào)查點(diǎn)源入滲體的鹽分分布特征，分析隨著滴灌點(diǎn)源入滲蘋果園土壤鹽分的變化規(guī)律，篩選出影響主干型蘋果園土壤鹽分分布的最佳滴頭流量和滴灌時(shí)長(zhǎng)。［方法］設(shè)置5種滴頭流量（q1、q2、q3、q4、CK），采用剖面網(wǎng)格取樣法，分別于滴灌前、滴灌開始3、7、10 h和滴灌結(jié)束24 h監(jiān)測(cè)滴頭點(diǎn)下水平、垂直各網(wǎng)格的土壤含鹽量，進(jìn)一步研究滴頭流量和滴灌時(shí)長(zhǎng)對(duì)土壤鹽分水平方向和垂直方向分布的影響。［結(jié)果］各處理距滴頭水平距離0～60 cm中，處理q2滴灌7 h的土壤含鹽量最低，為82.55 g/kg，較CK降低了6.33 g/kg。距滴頭垂直距離0～30 cm中，處理q2滴灌7 h時(shí)的土壤含鹽量最低，為83.67 g/kg，較CK降低了10.26 g/kg。［結(jié)論］影響蘋果園土壤鹽分運(yùn)移的最佳滴頭流量為8 L/h，最適宜的滴灌時(shí)長(zhǎng)為7 h。

關(guān)鍵詞 滴頭流量；滴灌時(shí)長(zhǎng)；土壤含鹽量

中圖分類號(hào) S275.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2024）17-0194-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.045

Effects of Infiltration from Different Flow Point Sources on Soil Salt Distribution in Apple Orchard

Mayinuer·Mijiti， ZHANG Dong-hai，CHANG Xue-yan et al

（Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Third Division Institute of Agricultural Sciences，Tumushuke， Xinjiang 843900）

Abstract ［Objective］By investigating the salt distribution characteristics of point source infiltration bodies， the changes of soil salinity in apple orchards with the infiltration of drip irrigation point sources were analyzed to screen out the optimal dripper discharge and drip irrigation duration that affect the distribution of soil salt in the main apple orchard. ［Method］Set five types of dripper discharge for experiment（q1，q2，q3，q4，CK），using profile grid sampling method，monitor the soil salt content of the horizontal and vertical grids under the drip point before drip irrigation，at 3，7，10 hours after the start of drip irrigation and at 24 hours after the end of drip irrigation，further study on the effects of drip flow rate and drip irrigation duration on the horizontal and vertical distribution of soil salinity.［Result］The research results indicate that：the horizontal distance between each treatment and the emitter is 0-60 cm，soil salt content is the lowest when treated with q2 drip irrigation for 7 hours，is 82.55 g/kg，reduced by 6.33 g/kg compared to the control group（CK）.Vertical distance from the emitter 0 to 30 cm，soil salt content is the lowest when treated with q2 drip irrigation for 7 hours，is 83.67 g/kg，reduced by 10.26 g/kg compared to the control group.［Conclusion］This indicates that the optimal drip flow rate that affects soil salt transport in apple orchards in this experiment is 8 L/h，the most suitable drip irrigation duration is 7 hours.

Key words Dripper discharge;Drip irrigation duration;Soil salinity

基金項(xiàng)目 新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)“強(qiáng)南”科技骨干人才計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（2021CB-019）；新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)重大科技項(xiàng)目（2021AA005）；新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)英才青年項(xiàng)目。

作者簡(jiǎn)介 馬依努爾·米吉提（1991—），女，新疆伽師縣人，助理研究員，碩士，從事果樹栽培技術(shù)研究。

通信作者，助理研究員，從事果樹水肥高效利用技術(shù)與推廣研究。

收稿日期 2023-10-19

在我國(guó)干旱及半干旱地區(qū)，水資源的缺乏，嚴(yán)重制約著農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，尤其是新疆具有光照強(qiáng)、蒸發(fā)量大的氣候特點(diǎn)，這種干旱的氣候條件是形成土壤鹽漬化的動(dòng)力，因此提高水分利用率成為根本途徑［1-2］。為了緩解用水壓力，傳統(tǒng)灌溉方式已逐步向節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變，其中滴灌是一種先進(jìn)的節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)，具有省水、省工、減少地面蒸發(fā)及提高水分利用效率等優(yōu)點(diǎn)［3］。……