不同葉面肥對油茶幼苗的肥效研究

摘要 以廣西國有博白林場2年生油茶幼苗為研究對象，設置不同氮、磷、鉀及微量元素濃度配比及空白對照處理，測定嫁接幼苗期生長指標及根莖葉各部位營養元素含量，研究不同葉面肥對油茶幼苗生長及養分吸收的特征。結果表明，不同葉面肥處理對油茶苗木營養生長有顯著影響，葉面肥對油茶幼苗有顯著的肥效作用，處理⑦的葉片凈增量比對照增幅最高，達47.16%。處理⑧的氮元素含量最多，比對照提高170.89%。在微量元素方面，處理⑧比對照處理的鎂含量增幅最高，達101.47%。油茶苗期對養分的需求規律表現為N＞K＞P。表明當氮磷鉀的比例在10∶15∶6、噴施濃度在2.5%時，與對照比較能夠顯著促進幼苗生長。

關鍵詞 油茶；葉面肥；生長；養分

中圖分類號 S794.4 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）17-0149-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.034

Study on the Fertilizer Efficiency of Different Leaf Fertilizers on Camellia oleifera Seedlings

WEI Hai， LI Zhi-hua， FENG Jun-yuan

（State-owned Bobai Forest Farm， Bobai， Guangxi 537600）

Abstract Taking 2-year-old Camellia oleifera seedlings from the state-owned Bobai Forest Farm in Guangxi as the research object， different concentrations of nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， and trace elements were used to determine the growth indicators and nutrient content of root， stem， and leaf parts during the grafting seedling stage. The characteristics of different leaf fertilizers on the growth and nutrient absorption of Camellia oleifera seedlings were studied. The results showed that different foliar fertilizer treatments had a significant impact on the nutritional growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings， and foliar fertilizer had a significant fertilizer effect on Camellia oleifera seedlings. Treatment ⑦ had the highest increase in net leaf growth compared to the control， reaching 47.16%. Treatment ⑧ had the highest nitrogen content， which increased by 170.89% compared to the control. In terms of trace elements， treatment ⑧ showed the highest increase in magnesium content compared to the control， with an increase of 101.47%. The demand pattern for nutrients during the seedling stage of Camellia oleifera was N>K>P. Research had shown that when the ratio of nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium was 10∶15∶6 and the spraying concentration was 2.5%， it can significantly promote the growth of seedlings compared to the control.

Key words Oil-tea camellia;Foliar fertilizer;Growth;Nutrient

作者簡介 韋海（1979—），男，廣西武鳴人，高級工程師，從事森林培育研究。

收稿日期 2023-11-01

油茶（ Camellia oleifera Abel.）是我國特有的木本食用油料樹種，其不飽和脂肪酸含量達90%以上，與棕櫚、椰子和橄欖合稱世界四大木本油料植物，茶籽榨油后的茶餅含粗脂肪25%，皂素10%，果殼中單寧含量高達50%，具有較高的營養價值及工業利用價值。目前在我國的種植面積達400多萬hm2，并以每年10.5%的速度擴種，發展潛力巨大［1-2］。

氮磷鉀（NPK）元素是植物生長發育必需的大量營養元素，影響植物生長發育和產量，對植物生長有至關重要的影響［3］。目前油茶普遍存在單產低和經濟效益差等問題，合理施肥是油茶增產的關鍵措施。油茶幼樹的營養豐缺關系產量，配方施肥能提高養分的利用效率，使各器官的質量分配、單位葉面積的同化速率發生變化，從而改變生長速率［4-7］。……