甘肅省隴南市核桃枝枯病菌Alternaria alternate的生物學特性

摘要 以核桃枝枯病菌（Alternaria alternate）為對象，研究溫度、碳源、氮源、光照、培養基和pH等對菌絲生長、產孢量和孢子萌發的影響。結果表明，pH 7和全黑暗有利于核桃枝枯病菌的菌絲生長、產孢和孢子萌發；25 ℃有利于菌絲生長，25～30 ℃有利于產孢，20～30 ℃有利于孢子萌發；最適生長的碳源為可溶性淀粉，氮源為酵母浸粉、KNO3和蛋白胨，最適產孢的碳源和氮源分別為山梨醇和KNO3，最適孢子萌發的碳源和氮源分別為乳糖和NH4NO3；PSA、OA和PDA培養基適合菌絲生長，LB培養基適合產孢，OA培養基適合孢子萌發。該研究結果為明確核桃枝枯病的發生規律提供理論依據，也為綜合防治措施的制定提供參考。

關鍵詞 交鏈格孢菌；生物學特性；測定

中圖分類號 S436.621.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）17-0133-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.030

Biological Characteristics of Alternaria alternate Causing Walnut Branch Blight in Longnan City， Gansu Province

DENG Xiao-yun1， GAO Meng-chun2， YANG Cheng-de2

（1. Bailongjiang Forestry Management Bureau of Gansu Province， Lanzhou， Gansu 730000;2.College of Plant Protection of Gansu Agricultural University， Lanzhou， Gansu 730070）

Abstract The effects of temperature， carbon source， nitrogen source， light， medium and pH on mycelial growth， sporulation and spore germination rate were studied. The results showed that pH 7 and total darkness were conducive to the mycelial growth， sporulation and spore germination of Alternaria alternata; 25 ℃ was optimum to mycelial growth， 25-30 ℃ was optimum to sporulation， and 20-30 ℃ was optimum to spore germination; the optimum carbon source for mycelial growth was soluble starch， the nitrogen source was yeast extract， KNO3 and peptone， the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source for sporulation were sorbitol and KNO3， respectively， and the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source for spore germination were lactose and NH4NO3， respectively; PSA， OA and PDA medium were suitable for mycelial growth， LB medium was suitable for sporulation， and OA medium was suitable for spore germination. The results provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the occurrence rules of walnut branch blight， and also provide a reference for the comprehensive control measures.

Key words Alternaria alternate;Biological characteristics；Determination

作者簡介 鄧小蕓（1975—），女，甘肅蘭州人，工程師，從事林業有害生物研究。

通信作者，教授，博士，博士生導師，從事植物病理學研究。

收稿日期 2023-10-12

核桃（Juglans regia），又名胡桃，為胡桃科胡桃屬落葉喬木，被譽為世界四大干果之一，其核桃仁含有豐富的蛋白質、脂肪、碳水化合物，并含有人體必需的鈣、磷、鐵等多種微量元素和礦物質，以及胡蘿卜素、核黃素等多種維生素。因其具有重要的食療、藥用、觀賞和生態等價值，分布和栽培遍及世界多個國家和地區，成為許多國家的重要栽培樹種，也是重要的用材樹種、生態樹種、經濟樹種和生物質能源樹種，具有較高的營養價值和保健功能。我國是世界上最大的核桃生產國和消費國［1］，主要分布在甘肅、山西、陜西和四川等地?！?br>