大青葉砧木對鐘花櫻品系櫻花花期及抗寒性的影響

摘要 ［目的］研究大青葉砧木對于鐘花櫻（Cerasus campanulata）品系櫻花花期及抗寒性的影響。［方法］2019—2021年以紅粉佳人（Cerasus campanulata ‘Hongfenjiaren’）、中國紅（Cerasus campanulata ‘Zhongguohong’）、河津櫻（Cerasus campanulata ‘Kawazu-zakura’）、臺灣牡丹櫻（Cerasus campanulata ‘Double-flowered’）4個鐘花櫻品系的鐘花櫻砧木嫁接苗為對照，對上述品種的大青葉砧木嫁接苗進行觀測，比較花期差異及1年生枝條抽條情況。分別在0、-5、-10、-15、-20 ℃低溫脅迫下，測定1年生枝條丙二醛（MDA）含量、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性等生理指標，并利用隸屬函數法進行綜合評價。［結果］上述4個品種的大青葉砧木嫁接苗初花期比鐘花櫻砧木嫁接苗初花期分別晚8.7、8.3、7.3、6.3 d。露地越冬條件下，除河津櫻大青葉砧木嫁接苗發生輕微抽條現象外，其余苗木抽條現象較為嚴重。隨著溫度的降低，所有苗木的MDA含量、可溶性蛋白含量持續上升，脯氨酸含量及SOD活性呈先上升后下降趨勢。隸屬函數分析表明，4個品種大青葉砧木嫁接苗的抗寒能力排名靠前。［結論］相較于鐘花櫻砧木嫁接苗，大青葉砧木嫁接苗木花期較晚，抗寒能力較強，河津櫻大青葉砧木嫁接苗可在北京地區小環境較好區域露地越冬。

關鍵詞 鐘花櫻品系櫻花；砧木；花期；抗寒性；隸屬函數

中圖分類號 S685.99 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）17-0109-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.024

The Effect of Daqingye Rootstocks on the Flowering Time and Cold Resistance of Cerasus campanulata Strain

HU Na1， HOU Shi-xing1， CHEN Si2 et al

（1.The Administration of Yuyuantan Park， Beijing 100142;2.Beijing Polytechnic， Beijing 100176）

Abstract ［Objective］To study the effect of Daqingye rootstock on flowering time and cold resistance of Cerasus campanulata strain. ［Method］From 2019 to 2021， the grafted seedlings of four varieties of Cerasus campanulata strain were used as control， and the grafted seedlings of the above varieties of Daqingye rootstock were observed. The four varieties were Cerasus campanulata ‘Hongfenjiaren’， Cerasus campanulata ‘Zhongguohong’， Cerasus campanulata ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and Cerasus campanulata ‘Double-flowered’. The difference of flowering time and the phenomenon of branch drying of annual branches were compared. Physiological indexes such as malondialdehyde （MDA） content， soluble protein content， proline content and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity were determined under low temperature stress of 0， -5， -10， -15 and -20 ℃， respectively， and the membership function method was used for comprehensive evaluation. ［Result］The results showed that the first flowering time of the grafted seedlings of Daqingye rootstock of the above four varieties was 8.7 days， 8.3 days， 7.3 days and 6.3 days later than that of the grafted seedlings of Cerasus campanulata rootstock， respectively. Under the condition of overwintering in the open field， the phenomenon of branch drying of other seedlings was more serious except for the slight phenomenon of branch drying of Cerasus campanulata ‘Kawazu-zakura’ of Daqingye rootstock. With the decrease of temperature， MDA content and soluble protein content of all seedlings continued to increase， and proline content and SOD activity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The membership function analysis showed that the cold resistance ability of the grafted seedlings of the four varieties of Daqingye rootstock ranked high. ［Conclusion］Compared with the grafted seedlings of Cerasus campanulata rootstock， the grafted seedlings of Daqingye rootstock had a later flowering time and a stronger cold resistance， and Cerasus campanulata ‘Kawazu-zakura’ of Daqingye rootstock could overwinter in the open field in the areas with good small environment in Beijing.

Key words Cerasus campanulata strain;Rootstock;Flowering time;Cold resistance;Membership function

基金項目 北京市公園管理中心“園林科技新星”項目“鐘花櫻品系引種研究”（ylkjxx2018008）；北京市玉淵潭公園管理處項目“華北、東北、華東及華中地區原生種櫻花引種馴化研究”（yyt202301）。

作者簡介 胡娜（1982—），女，北京人，高級工程師，碩士，從事櫻花引種繁育研究。通信作者，高級工程師，博士，從事園林植物病蟲害研究。……