滇黃精種子育苗技術研究

摘要 ［目的］研究滇黃精種子育苗的最佳育苗基質、GA3浸種濃度、浸種時間。［方法］按裂區試驗設計3個基質、5個GA3處理濃度、3個處理時間，研究育苗基質、GA3浸種濃度、浸種時間對出苗率及1年生苗生長量的影響。［結果］育苗基質采用河沙、河沙+紅壤土（1∶1），GA3濃度在100 mg/L以下，浸種時間72 h，播種330 d，出苗率最高達95.44%。 基質、浸種時間、基質×浸種時間對出苗率的影響達極顯著水平，GA3濃度、基質×GA3濃度對出苗率的影響達顯著水平，基質×GA3濃度×浸種時間、GA3濃度×浸種時間交互作用對出苗率的影響差異不顯著;出苗1 a后，育苗基質對滇黃精小苗各部分生物量的影響達極顯著水平，不同GA3濃度對各部分生物量影響均不顯著，不同浸種時間對小苗的平均須根數影響達極顯著水平，對其余生物量的影響達顯著水平。［結論］在滇黃精育苗中，宜采用2層基質復合育苗，即河沙或河沙+紅壤土（1∶1）作頂層萌芽出苗育苗基質，專用漂浮育苗基質作底層培育壯苗。

關鍵詞 滇黃精；種子；繁育技術

中圖分類號 S723 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）17-0105-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.023

Research on Seed Seedling Cultivation Technology of Polygonatum kingianum

QIAN Ying-xin， BAI Hong-fen， YU Yan et al

（Chuxiong Forestry and Grassland Science Research Institute， Chuxiong， Yunnan 675005）

Abstract ［Objective］To study the optimal seedling substrate for Polygonatum kingianum seed cultivation， GA3 soaking concentration and soaking time.［Method］Three matrices， five GA3 treatment concentrations， and three treatment times were designed according to the split zone experiment to study the effects of matrix GA3 concentration and treatment time on seedling emergence rate and one-year seedling growth.［Result］The seedling substrate used was river sand， river sand+red soil （1∶1）. When the concentration of GA3 was below 100 mg/L， the soaking time was 72 h， and the sowing time was 330 d， the seedling emergence rate was up to 95.44%.The effects of substrate， soaking time， and substrate × soaking time on seedling emergence rate reached a highly significant level. The effects of GA3 concentration and substrate × GA3 concentration on seedling emergence rate reached a significant level， with substrate × GA3 concentration × soaking time， the interaction between GA3 concentration and soaking time had no significant difference in the effect on seedling emergence rate.After one year of emergence， the effect of seedling substrate on the biomass of various parts of Polygonatum kingianum seedlings reached a highly significant level. Different GA3 concentrations had no significant effect on the biomass of each part， and different soaking times had a highly significant impact on the average number of fibrous roots of seedlings， and had a significant impact on the remaining biomass.［Conclusion］In the cultivation of Polygonatum kingianum seedlings， it is advisable to use a two-layer substrate composite cultivation， that is， river sand or river sand+red soil （1∶1） as the top layer germination seedling cultivation substrate， and a dedicated floating seedling cultivation substrate as the bottom layer for cultivating strong seedlings.

Key words Polygonatum kingianum;Seed;Breeding techniques

基金項目 2023年云南省“三區”科技人才支持計劃項目（楚財教〔2023〕99號）；2023年中央財政林業科技推廣示范項目（云〔2023〕TG06號）。

作者簡介 錢迎新（1970—），女，云南武定人，高級工程師，從事林木良種繁育及推廣應用研究。通信作者，高級工程師，從事林下資源開發利用研究。

收稿日期 2023-10-28

滇黃精（Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.）屬百合科黃精屬植物，與多花黃精（Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.）、黃精（Polygonatum sibiricum Red.）一同收載于《中國藥典》2020版第一部，其藥材名統稱為黃精［1-2］。其根莖作藥用，藥味平和、味甘易服，為滋補上品，具有補氣養陰，健脾、潤肺、益腎的功能［3］。……