




摘要 為了提升新疆乳用型褐牛選育水平,應用93種牛遺傳缺陷基因和致死單倍型的引物組合及試劑盒,隨機抽樣296頭乳用型新疆褐牛遺傳缺陷基因(如脊髓性肌萎縮、髓鞘發育不良、蜘蛛腿綜合征等)的因果突變位點(SNP、短片段的插入或缺失)及致死單倍型(BH2、BH6、BH14、OH2、OH4等)進行檢測,篩選出具有單基因遺傳缺陷基因的攜帶者及致死單倍型攜帶者的牛,提示BH2、BH6、BH14和脊髓髓鞘發育異常在新疆褐牛母牛群體中存在一定的比例,對攜帶遺傳缺陷基因和致死單倍型牛只繁殖性能和疾病發病統計分析,其比較結果差異顯著(P<0.05);對攜帶牛只采用選種、選配手段繁殖產生正常F1代(未檢測出缺陷基因和致死單倍型檢),分析其繁殖指標,結果表明繁殖性能有明顯提升。有必要定期對攜帶者母牛進行篩查并合理選種選配,為新疆褐牛乳用性能選育、群體遺傳改良和地方品種遺傳資源的保護提供依據。
關鍵詞 新疆褐牛;遺傳缺陷;基因
中圖分類號 S823 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2024)17-0098-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.021
Research on the Application Effect of Genetic Defect Denes and Lethal Haplotype Detection in Xinjiang Dairy Brown Cattle
JIANG Xiao-xin, GAO Xiang, LIU Peng-fei et al
(Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical College, Changji, Xinjiang 831203)
Abstract In order to improve the breeding level of Xinjiang dairy brown cattle,this study used primer combinations and reagent kits of 93 genetic defect genes and lethal haplotypes in cattle, and randomly sampled 296 dairy type Xinjiang brown cattle to detect causal mutation sites (SNPs, short segment insertions or deletions) and lethal haplotypes (BH2, BH6, BH14, OH2, OH4, etc.) of genetic defect genes (such as spinal muscular atrophy, myelin dysplasia, spider leg syndrome, etc.) and lethal haplotypes (BH2, BH6, BH14, OH2, OH4, etc.). Carriers of single gene genetic defect genes and carriers of lethal haplotypes were screened out, indicating that BH2, BH6, BH14, and abnormal spinal cord myelin development have a certain proportion in the population of Xinjiang brown cattle mother cows. The statistical analysis of reproductive performance and disease incidence between genetic defect genes and lethal haplotypes in cattle showed significant differences (P<0.05); breeding and mating methods were used to breed and produce normal F1 generation (no defective genes or lethal haplotypes were detected) for carrying cattle. The reproductive indicators were analyzed, and the results showed a significant improvement in reproductive performance. Therefore,it is necessary to screen the carrier cows regularly and select and match them reasonably to provide basis for breeding of milk performance, population genetic improvement and protection of genetic resources of Xinjiang brown cattle.
Key words Xinjiang brown cattle;Genetic defects;Gene
基金項目 2022年度新疆農業職業技術學院資助項目(XJNZYKJ-202211);2023年昌吉州科技特派員農村科技創業行動項目(服務產業類6)。
作者簡介 蔣曉新(1978—),男,新疆昌吉人,副教授,碩士,從事奶牛養殖、繁殖技術研究。
通信作者,副教授,碩士,從事職業教育研究。
收稿日期 2024-04-10
迄今,牛已知的遺傳缺陷有656 種,屬于孟德爾遺傳的有303種,其中,已知因果突變的有209種,大多數突變是有害的。一些導致遺傳缺陷單基因的突變已經被揭示,遺傳缺陷可嚴重影響牛的生產性能和經濟價值以及牛群繁衍,基因出現純合時甚至導致個體早期死亡。……