樺褐孔菌口服佐劑對禽類疫苗的體液免疫增強作用研究

摘要 為了明確樺褐孔菌發酵產物（Inonotus obliquus fermentation product， IOFP）作為禽類疫苗佐劑的適用性，選擇商品化禽流感滅活疫苗和鴨坦布蘇病毒弱毒活疫苗分別免疫SPF雞和SPF鴨，并飼喂含0.8% IOFP的飼糧，同時設置飼喂商品化飼糧的對照組。在免疫后不同時間點采集雞和鴨的外周血，分離血清后分別測定禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus，AIV）特異性血凝抑制（hemagglutinin inhibition，HI）抗體、鴨坦布蘇病毒（duck Tembusu virus，DTMUV）特異性抗體及二者中和抗體效價。使用統計學方法評價IOFP對機體體液免疫反應的影響。鴨免疫后28 d使用DTMUV強毒株攻毒，持續檢測泄殖腔排毒量，以確定IOFP對DTMUV排毒量的影響。結果顯示，IOFP作為口服佐劑能夠顯著提升AIV、DTMUV疫苗抗體和中和抗體水平，特別是對免疫早期抗體的改善效果尤為顯著。此外，添加IOFP還能夠減少DTMUV的排毒量，縮短排毒時間。由此可見，IOFP是一種禽類病毒性疫苗普遍適用的口服佐劑，對于縮短免疫“空窗期”、提升疫苗保護效果具有較好的改善作用。

關鍵詞 樺褐孔菌發酵產物；禽流感病毒滅活疫苗；鴨坦布蘇病毒弱毒活疫苗；抗體；中和抗體

中圖分類號 S852.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）17-0094-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.020

Study on the Enhancement Effect of Oral Adjuvant of Inonotus obliquus on the Humoral Immunity of Avian Vaccines

YANG Shuo1， FEI Zhi-guo1，2，3， GUO Meng-shuai2，3，4 et al

（1.College of Life Science and Food Engineering， Hebei Engineering University， Handan， Hebei 056038;2.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine， Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Breeding， Jinan， Shandong 250100;3. Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Bioomics， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Jinan，Shandong 250100;4.College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine， Shandong Agricultural University， Tai’an， Shandong 271018）

Abstract In order to clarify the applicability of Inonotus obliquus fermentation product （IOFP） as the adjuvants of avain vaccines， commercial avian influenza inactivated vaccine and duck Tembusu virus attenuated live vaccine were selected to immunize SPF chicken and ducks， respectively. SPF chicken in the experimental group were fed with the commercial diet containing 0.8% IOFP， SPF chicken in the control group were fed with the the commercial diet. The peripheral blood from the chicken and ducks was collected at different time points after immunization and the serum was separated to determine the specific hemagglutinin inhibition （HI） antibodies of avian influenza virus （AIV）， specific antibodies of duck Tembusu virus （DTMUV）， and their neutralizing antibody titer. The effects of IOFP on the humoral immune response were evaluated by using the statistical methods.After 28 days post immunization， the ducks were challenged with virulent DTMUV， and the cloacal detoxification volume was detected， so as to confirm the effects of IOFP on the detoxification volume of DTMUV. The results showed that IOFP as oral adjuvant could significantly improve the titers of specific and neutralizing antibodies against AIV and DTMUV， and especially the improvement effect on the antibodies at the early stage. In addition， adding IOFP could reduce the detoxification volume of DTMUV， and shorten the shedding time. Therefore， IOFP was a common oral adjuvant for avian viral vaccines， which had a great improvement effect on shortening the immune “gap period” and improving the protective effect of vaccines.

Key words Inonotus obliquus fermentation product;Avian influenza inactivated vaccine;Duck Tembusu virus attenuated vaccine;Antibody;Neutralizing antibody

基金項目 山東省重點研發計劃項目“鄉村振興科技創新提振行動計劃”（2022TZXD0041）；秦皇島市珍稀藥用真菌應用創新平臺項目（202201B051）；山東省重點研發計劃項目（競爭性創新平臺）（2022CXPT005-02，2022CXPT010）；山東省農業科學院農業科技創新工程項目（CXGC2023A21）。

作者簡介 楊碩（1992—），男，湖北潛江人，碩士研究生，研究方向：禽類疫病防控技術。

通信作者，教授，從事動物疫病防控技術研究。

收稿日期 2023-09-25

禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus，AIV）是嚴重危害我國禽類養殖業的病毒之一，每年造成大量禽類死亡，經濟損失巨大?！?br>