陜西省典型礦區土壤和食用林產品中重金屬污染與風險評估

摘要 為探明陜西省典型礦區土壤和食用林產品中重金屬污染特征與風險情況，通過對渭南華州、商洛柞水縣、寶雞鳳縣金屬礦區土壤和食用林產品進行樣品采集并分析測定其As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu含量，采用單因子污染指數法、內梅羅綜合污染指數法、土壤和農產品綜合質量指數法對土壤和食用林產品重金屬污染狀況進行評價。結果表明，研究區內土壤均出現不同程度的As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu含量積累；受檢食用林產品均出現不同程度的Cr、Cu積累，華州區油松籽2個樣品出現Pb含量超標；單因子污染指數表明Cd為鳳縣研究區土壤的主要污染物，Cr、Cu為柞水縣研究區土壤的主要污染物；內梅羅綜合污染指數表明鳳縣和柞水縣研究區域土壤為輕度污染狀態（質量等級Ⅲ），華州區研究區域土壤為尚清潔狀態（質量等級Ⅱ）；綜合質量影響指數表明，鳳縣土壤呈現輕微污染（sub-Ⅱ），華州區呈現輕度污染（sub-Ⅲ），柞水縣呈現重度污染（sub-Ⅴ）。鳳縣、華州區和柞水縣研究區土壤均出現重金屬污染問題，部分食用林產品存在重金屬Cr、Cu積累以及Pb超標風險，應及時采取治理修復措施，以緩減土壤和食用林產品的重金屬污染問題。

關鍵詞 典型礦區；土壤；食用林產品；重金屬污染；風險評估；陜西省

中圖分類號 X53；X820.4 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）17-0055-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.012

Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Soil and Edible Forest Products from the Typical Mining Area in Shaanxi Province

JIN Lin1， ZHANG Xiao-long2， YANG Huan-huan2 et al

（1. Shaanxi Provincial State Owned Forest Farm Management Station（Shaanxi Provincial Forestry Industry Development Center）， Xi’an， Shaanxi 710082;2. Shaanxi Forest Product Quality Inspection and Industrial Service Guarantee Center， Xi’an， Shaanxi 710082）

Abstract To explore the heavy metal pollution characteristics and risk in Shaanxi typical mining soil and edible forest products， through sample collection in Huazhou District Weinan City， Zhashui County， Fengxian County mining area of soil and edible forestry products and analysis of the As， Hg， Pb， Cd， Cr， Cu content， using single factor pollution index method， Nemero comprehensive pollution index method， soil and agricultural products comprehensive quality index method， heavy metal pollution of soil and edible forest products was evaluated. The results showed that the accumulation levels of As， Hg， Pb， Cd， Cr and Cu occurred in the soil in the study area;different degrees of Cr and Cu accumulation， two samples of Pb content exceeded the standard;the single pollution index indicated that Cd was the main pollutant in the soil of the study area of Feng County， Cr and Cu were the main soil pollutants in Zhashui County;the soil in Fengxian County and Zhashui sampling area was slightly polluted （quality grade Ⅲ）， the soil in Huazhou sampling area was still clean state （quality grade Ⅱ）.The comprehensive quality effect index indicated that， soil in Fengxian County Presents slight pollution （sub-Ⅱ）， Huazhou District presents mild pollution （sub-Ⅲ）， Zhashui County was heavily polluted （sub-V）. Heavy metal pollution occurs in the soil of Fengxian County， Huazhou county and Zhashui research area， and remediation measures should be taken in time to reduce the pollution of heavy metals in soil and edible forest products.

Key words Typical mining area;Soil;Edible forest products;Heavy metal pollution;Risk evaluation;Shaanxi Province

基金項目 國家林草局科技司林草衛星遙感技術應用研究等自主研發項目（LC-6-09）；陜西省科技廳自然科學基金項目（2020SF-438）。

作者簡介 靳林（1972—），男，陜西咸陽人，工程師，從事林業管理工作。

通信作者，副教授，博士，碩士生導師，從事重金屬污染評估與污染修復研究?！?br>