不同烤煙品種在咸陽旬邑煙區(qū)的適宜性評價

摘要 為篩選出適宜旬邑煙區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的烤煙新品種，為其優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)和利用提供依據(jù)，于2022年以旬邑煙區(qū)主栽品種秦煙99為對照，采用大田試驗方法，研究秦煙99、秦煙96、秦煙201、中煙100、豫煙13和Y2001這6個品種的大田生育期、植物學性狀、農(nóng)藝性狀、田間自然發(fā)病率、經(jīng)濟性狀、常規(guī)化學成分含量、烤后煙外觀質(zhì)量和感官質(zhì)量的差異。結(jié)果表明，不同烤煙品種的生育期差異較小，為142～155 d；秦煙96和Y2001田間生長勢強，抗病性強，產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值和中上等煙比例較高，外觀質(zhì)量和感官質(zhì)量表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，化學成分協(xié)調(diào)性好，可作為旬邑煙區(qū)儲備品種進行推廣種植。

關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙；品種；咸陽；旬邑煙區(qū)；產(chǎn)質(zhì)量；適宜性評價

中圖分類號 S572 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）17-0030-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.007

Suitability Evaluation of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Xunyi Tobacco Region of Xianyang

WANG Hui-fang1，ZHANG Xi2，WANG Zhi-hui3 et al

（1. Xunyi Company of Xianyang Tobacco Company， Xianyang， Shaanxi 711300;2. Technology Center of Shaanxi China Tobacco Industry Co.， Ltd.， Xi’an， Shaanxi 710065；3. Ankang Tobacco Company， Ankang， Shaanxi 711600）

Abstract In order to screen new varieties of flue-cured tobacco suitable for the ecological environment of Xunyi tobacco area， and to provide a basis for the production and utilization of high-quality tobacco leaves， we used Qinyan 99 as the control in 2022， which was the main cultivar in Xunyi tobacco growing area. The differences in field growth period， botanical properties， agronomic properties， field natural incidence rate， economic properties， conventional chemical composition content， appearance quality and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco were compared among Qinyan 99， Qinyan 96， Qinyan 201， Zhongyan 100， Yuyan 13 and Y2001. Results showed that there was little difference in the growth period among different tobacco varieties， ranging from 142 to 155 days;Qinyan 96 and Y2001 had strong growth potential in the field， strong disease resistance， high yield， output value and the proportion of medium to high grade tobacco. They had excellent appearance and sensory quality， and good coordination of chemical components， which could be used as reserve varieties for promotion and planting in Xunyi tobacco area.

Key words Flue-cured tobacco;Variety;Xianyang;Xunyi tobacco area;Production quality;Suitability evaluation

作者簡介 王慧芳（1993—），女，河南新密人，助理農(nóng)藝師，碩士，從事煙葉生產(chǎn)技術(shù)研究和推廣。

收稿日期 2023-10-27；修回日期 2023-11-28

煙草是世界上最廣泛種植的、以葉片進入世界貿(mào)易的商業(yè)性非食物作物。煙草種植具有農(nóng)業(yè)作物生產(chǎn)的基本規(guī)律，受到多種因素影響［1-3］。其中，品種是生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的基礎，是影響煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的重要因素［4-6］。盡管煙草對環(huán)境有很強的適應性，但是不同地域和環(huán)境條件下，只有將品種特性和當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境有機結(jié)合，挑選出最適宜種植的品種，才能發(fā)揮出品種最大潛力，增加煙農(nóng)經(jīng)濟效益和滿足工業(yè)需求［7-10］。目前，咸陽煙區(qū)煙葉在“蘭州”“好貓”等品牌中均有應用。秦煙99在咸陽旬邑煙區(qū)種植多年，具有優(yōu)質(zhì)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、適應性廣、抗逆性強、易烘烤等特點［11-13］?！?br>