

摘要 蚜蟲是重要的吮吸類農作物害蟲,除了刺吸危害,還作為傳毒媒介傳播多種植物病毒,給農業生產帶來嚴重的經濟損失。目前對于蚜蟲的防治普遍還是使用化學農藥,但長期的化學防治會帶來3R(抗性、殘留、再猖獗)問題,而生物防治作為綠色環保的防治措施近年來受到越來越多的關注。對近些年我國蚜蟲生物防治的研究現狀和展望進行綜述,以期為蚜蟲生物防治技術的進一步發展和應用提供思路和依據。
關鍵詞 蚜蟲;生物防治;天敵;病原微生物;植物源農藥
中圖分類號 S476 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2024)17-0011-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.003
Research Progress and Prospects of Biocontrol for Aphids in China
GAO Yue1, ZHANG Yuan-chen2, HAO Gang3 et al
(1.College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000;2.Field Scientific Observation of Forestry Pests in Taihang Mountains, Henan Province, Anyang, Henan 455099;3.Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Neiqiu County, Xingtai City, Xingtai, Hebei 054200)
Abstract Aphids are important sucking crop pests. In addition to sucking plants, they also act as vectors to spread a variety of plant viruses, causing serious economic losses to agricultural production. At present, chemical pesticides are still commonly used for the control of aphids. However, long-term chemical control can result in 3R (Resistance, Residue, and Resurgence) problems. Biological control, as a green and environmentally friendly plant protection measure, has attracted more and more attention in recent years. This paper reviews the current research status and prospects of aphid biological control in China in recent years, aiming at providing ideas and basis for the development and application of biological control technology.
Key words Aphid;Biological control;Natural enemy;Pathogenic microorganism;Botanical pesticide
基金項目 河南省太行山林業有害生物野外科學觀測研究站開放研究課題(THFP202303);河北北方學院自然科學項目(XJ2023015)。
作者簡介 高玥(1999—),女,河北邯鄲人,碩士研究生,研究方向:植物保護。通信作者,講師,博士,從事農業昆蟲與害蟲防治研究。
收稿日期 2023-10-07;修回日期 2023-11-01
蚜蟲個體小,數量大,種類多,繁殖快,一直是農作物上的防治難題。迄今為止,世界上已經發現4 700多種蚜蟲,在溫帶地區和亞熱帶地區分布較多,我國目前記載的蚜蟲約1 100種[1]。蚜蟲主要通過刺吸式口器吸取植物汁液,使植物生長發育受損,輕則造成減產,重則使植株死亡。蚜蟲還能傳播植物病毒,蚜蟲傳播病毒約占昆蟲傳播病毒種類的50%,是植物病毒的主要傳播載體,居世界傳播病毒昆蟲之首。例如:玉米蚜[Rhopalosiphum maidis(Fitch)]或者禾谷縊管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)都可以傳播玉米矮花葉病毒(MDMV)與大麥黃矮病毒(BYDV)[2-3],造成的損失甚至比直接刺吸危害更加嚴重。……