




摘要 刺激性和雜氣是衡量烤煙品質最主要的感官質量指標,綜述影響煙葉刺激性和雜氣的主要研究,重點對煙葉化學成分(含氮化合物、糖類、氯元素等)及其影響因素(生態環境、品種、pH)、物理性狀、栽培和加工(栽培、初烤、復烤、陳化)3個方向和多個維度的研究現狀進行了跟蹤分析,現階段的研究結果表明:煙葉刺激性和雜氣感官評吸質量是受多種因素共同作用的結果,但本質上是受化學成分含量及比例的影響。總結了降刺除雜的主要農藝措施和工藝措施,為烤煙行業降刺除雜以提高感官質量提供了一定的理論依據。
關鍵詞 烤煙;刺激性;雜氣;農藝措施;工藝措施
中圖分類號 TS41+1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2024)17-0006-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.17.002
Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Tobacco Irritancy and Offensive Odor
LI Yuan-hao1, YANG Jin-rui1, YUE Xiao2 et al
(1. Tobacco College of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201;2.Sichuan Tobacco Rebaking Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610096)
Abstract Irritation and odor are the most important sensory quality indexes for evaluating flue-cured tobacco quality. This paper reviewed the main researches involved in affecting irritation and odor in tobacco leaf. The current research status of tobacco chemical composition (including nitrogen compounds, sugars, chlorine elements, etc.) and its influencing factors (ecological environment, variety, pH ), physical properties, cultivation and processing (cultivation, pirmary-curing, aging, flue-curing) and many dimensions were tracked and analyzed. The current research results indicated that the smoking quality of tobacco leaf is affected by many factors, but it is essentiCtq6pLALZc5X7iEjo/rStFZGSuAJe0hZoCTGWjf/Ijo=ally affected by the content and proportion of chemical components. The main agronomic measures and technological measures for reducing thorns and removing impurities were summarized in this paper, which provided a theoretical basis for improving the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco industry.
Key words Flue-cured tobacco;Irritation;Offensive odor;Agronomic measures;Technological measure
基金項目 中國煙草總公司四川省公司科技計劃項目(SCYC202210);云南省煙草公司昭通市公司科技項目(ZT20235301002)。
作者簡介 李元昊(1997—),男,山東聊城人,碩士,從事煙草產質量研究。
通信作者,教授,博士,從事土壤與植物營養研究。
收稿日期 2023-08-28;修回日期 2023-11-20
在煙草產業中,刺激性是指煙支燃吸時煙氣對口腔、鼻腔、喉部的刺激反射狀態。雜氣是指煙支燃燒時,煙氣里除產生香氣外,還伴隨有青雜氣、生雜氣、木質氣、枯焦氣、土腥氣或土怪氣、松脂氣以及地方性雜氣等不良氣味,這些不良氣味統稱為雜氣。隨著時代的發展和社會的進步,廣大煙民對健康的追求和烤煙的品質要求越來越高。為提高烤煙品質,可以采取增加香氣質、香氣量、改善余味等正面措施,還可以采取降低刺激性(降刺)、清除雜氣(除雜)等輔助措施。……