如何提高完型填空能力及技巧

完型填空主要測驗學生的語言綜合運用能力，做好完形填空既要有良好的心理素質，又要有一定的技巧，包括基礎知識的掌握和運用，對整個文章邏輯聯系的理解等。

一、完型填空特點

1.閱讀文章短，設空多

為了測試學生的語言知識綜合能力，控制試題短文長度及挖空密度是必要的。一般來說，短文的長度在250-300個單詞左右。平均每兩空間隔12個左右單詞。

2.考查重語境，輕語法

從近10年的高考完型填空試題來看，完全考查語法知識的題幾乎沒有。百分之九十五的題都是四個選項的語法功能和結構相同，只有通過文章情節即語境才能做出正確作答。

3.考查實詞多，虛詞少

實詞是指那些能夠獨立承當句子成分的詞，如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等；虛詞則是指連詞、介詞、冠詞等，完型填空的選項設計百分之八十左右為實詞。

二、做題的四個步驟

Step 1 Pay attention to the first sentence. （研讀首句，打開窗口）（1分鐘）Step 2 Skip the passage to get the general idea.（跳過空格，速度全文，把握大意）（2-3分鐘）Step 3 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods. （2-3分鐘）（前后聯系，先易后難，各個擊破）Step 4 Read the passage again and check the answers.（代入答案，再讀全文，檢驗答案）（2-3分鐘）

三、解題的四種方法

在把握語篇大意的基礎上，借助于一些恰當的方法選擇最佳答案。

1.根據上下文語境

... Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain .When I finally got to my office， I was 47 through， exhausted and 48 . ( 2008·山東卷)

47.A.wet B.weak C.sick D.hurt

48.A.ashamed B.discouraged

C.surprised D.puzzled

2.詞義辨析

（1）...Given the right tools ，we can train our brains to act like what they did when we were younger. All that’s 50 is the practice designed for the purpose : a few exercises for the mind.

50.A.required B.inquired

C.acquired D.requested

（2）... When Saturday night came， I was luckily 39 the tables not far from the kitchen. 40 ，I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays(托盤). (2008年·全國卷I)

39. A.left B.given

C.brought D.shown

40. A.Therefore B.However

C.Otherwise D.Finally

3.利用文章中的信息(原詞復現、近義詞和反義詞等）

When I entered Berkeley， I hoped to earn a scholarship...

The last hurdle(障礙) was the final. No matter what

48 I got， it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye. ...

I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson : you alone must set your own standard of excellence. (2008·北京卷)

48.A.grade B.answer

C.lesson D.comment

49.A.scholarship B.course

C.degree D.subject

4.了解生活常識，確定相關知識

（1）(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the___ hospital.

A.animalB.biggest

C.plant D.nearest

（2）The space is left to let the rail expand（膨脹） when it gets .

A.wet B.cold C.hot D.dry

做完后將所選定的詞放到文章中復讀檢查，從以下幾方面入手： 1.the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate（時態語態，主謂語在上下文的中是否一致）2.grammar and collocations（語法和習慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否邏輯上一致）3.the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫)4.the meaning of the whole passage（整體上檢查結構、語義及邏輯是否一致，上下文的銜接是否合理）。

（作者單位：河北省南宮中學）