人工智能對制造業高質量發展的影響研究

[摘 要：在新一輪科技革命和產業變革的加速演進下，人工智能作為核心驅動力能夠促進制造業高質量發展。文章基于2008—2020年我國30個省級面板數據，理論分析并實證檢驗了人工智能對制造業高質量發展的影響。研究發現：人工智能應用能夠顯著促進制造業高質量發展，且能有效提升制造業發展的經濟效益、創新效益、綠色效益和附加值效益；人工智能的應用存在異質性，對東部地區制造業、勞動密集型和中高技術制造業的高質量發展促進效應更為顯著；機制檢驗表明，人工智能通過技術創新、人力資本結構優化、生產性服務業集聚推動制造業高質量發展。

關鍵詞：人工智能；制造業高質量發展；技術創新；人力資本結構；生產性服務業集聚

中圖分類號：F49；F424；TP18 " " 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1007-5097（2023）04-0065-12 ]

Research on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence

on the High-quality Development of Manufacturing Industry

YANG Renfaa，b，LU Yaob

（a. School of Economics; b. Institute of Innovation and Development Strategy，Anhui University，Hefei 230601，China）

Abstract：Under the accelerated evolution of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation，artificial intelligence（AI）as the core driving force can promote the high-quality development of manufacturing industry. Based on the data of 30 provincial panels in China from 2008 to 2020，this paper theoretically analyzes and empirically tests the impact of artificial intelligence on the high-quality development of manufacturing industry. It is found that the application of artificial intelligence can significantly promote the high-quality development of manufacturing industry，and can effectively improve the economic，innovative，green，and value-added benefits of the development of the manufacturing industry；there is heterogeneity in the application of artificial intelligence，which has a more significant effect on the high-quality development of manufacturing，labor-intensive and medium-high-tech manufacturing in the eastern region；the mechanism test shows that artificial intelligence promotes the high-quality development of manufacturing industry by technological innovation，human capital structure optimization，and agglomeration of productive service industries.

Key words：artificial intelligence；high-quality development of manufacturing industry； technological innovation；human capital structure；agglomeration of productive service industries

一、引 言

制造業作為立國之本、強國之基，是保障國民經濟持續健康發展的支柱產業。我國已發展成為制造大國，然而受國際環境影響和國內要素供給約束，制造業相較于傳統制造強國競爭優勢有所減弱，其發展也面臨嚴峻挑戰。在此背景下，推動制造業高質量發展不僅是構筑核心競爭力的關鍵環節，也是順應世界大勢的必由之路。《中國制造2025》明確提出，將智能制造作為主攻方向，加快工業機器人在多行業的應用，以推動制造業轉型升級，使我國從制造業大國邁向制造業強國。根據國際機器人聯合會（International Federation of Robotics，簡稱IFR）發布的數據顯示，2008—2020年，我國工業機器人安裝量從7 879臺增長到16.84萬臺，年均增長率達到27%，是目前世界上最大的機器人市場。……