木芙蓉對鎘污染土壤的耐性及富集特性

摘要 為探究木芙蓉對鎘（Cd）污染土壤的耐性及富集特性，設置了盆栽試驗，以木芙蓉品種“百日華彩”（BRHC）和“單瓣紅”（DBH）作為試驗材料，在0、25、50和75 mg/kg 4種濃度Cd污染土壤中種植160 d，測量木芙蓉的株高、莖粗和生物量等指標，根、莖、葉各部位鎘含量，計算對鎘污染的耐性指數、富集指數和轉運系數。結果表明，在一定濃度鎘污染土壤中（≤75 mg/kg），木芙蓉對鎘污染有較好的耐性，相較于CK，其株高、莖粗、總生物量、莖干重和葉干重等生長指標無顯著差異。2個品種中，DBH地上部鎘富集系數更大，植物體內鎘含量最大值為26.67 mg/kg，耐性指數隨鎘污染程度加重而增大，且均≥0.98，具有較好的土壤重金屬污染修復潛力。

關鍵詞 木芙蓉；鎘；土壤污染；耐性；富集特性

中圖分類號 S685.99 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 1007-7731（2023）23-24-0104-05

Tolerance and enrichment characteristics of Hibiscus mutabilis L.

in cadmium polluted soil

LI Xiu " "CHEN Xi " "LI Mengxia " "CHEN Wenkai

（Chengdu Botanical Garden（Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute）， Chengdu 610083， China）

Abstract To explore the tolerance and enrichment characteristics of Hibiscus mutabilis L. in cadmium polluted soil， a pot experiment was conducted using two cultivars of Hibiscus mutabilis L.， ‘BRHC’ and ‘DBH’， which were grown for 160 days under four different soil cadmium pollution concentrations of 0， 25， 50 and 75 mg/kg. The growth indicators such as plant height， stem diameter， and biomass of Hibiscus mutabilis L. were measured， and measured the cadmium content of roots， stems， and leaves. The tolerance and transfer efficiency of Cd pollution were calculated. The results showed that under a certain concentration of cadmium pollution in soil （≤75 mg/kg）， Hibiscus mutabilis L. had a good tolerance to cadmium pollution. Compared to CK， there were no significant differences in growth indicators such as plant height， stem diameter， total biomass， stem dry weight， and leaf dry weight. Among the two varieties， the cadmium concentration coefficient of the upper part of the single red petals was higher， with a maximum cadmium content of 26.67 mg/kg in the plant. The tolerance index increases with the degree of cadmium pollution and was greater or equal to 0.98， indicating a better potential for remediation of soil heavy metal pollution.

Keywords Hibiscus mutabilis L.; cadmium; soil pollution; tolerance; enrichment characteristics

礦區開采、大氣沉降、農業活動等可導致土壤受到不同程度的重金屬污染[1]。鎘（Cd）是一種毒性很大的重金屬元素[2]，土壤中一定濃度和積累量的Cd可影響植物對礦質營養元素的吸收，干擾光合作用、呼吸作用等關鍵生理過程，脅迫植物正常生長發育，降低產量和質量，甚至引起植物死亡[3-4]。對人體而言，生物鏈Cd富集可能會影響神經、免疫和生殖系統并導致疾病[5]。近年來，土壤重金屬污染修復技術蓬勃發展，環境友好、應用成本低的植物修復技術受到越來越多的關注，其中以園林植物作為修復植物，既能降低土壤中重金屬的毒害作用，又能營造優美的自然環境[6-7]。

木芙蓉（Hibiscus mutabilis L.），又名芙蓉花，為錦葵科（Malvaceae）木槿屬（Hibiscus）落葉灌木或小喬木，花色通常為白、粉或紅，觀賞價值高。……