一種適宜機械化操作的桃樹“X”形栽培模式

摘要 為解決安徽省淮河以南地區桃樹旺長或樹體掛果量大負荷增加時，遇降雨大風天氣，主枝基部易折斷，以及桃栽培不適宜機械化生產的難題，本文提出一種適宜機械化操作的桃樹“X”形栽培技術。“X”形樹形的栽培技術要點包括定植和整形。定植：選用一級桃苗，每兩株桃苗靠攏交叉定植在一起，兩株桃苗交叉點距離地面40 cm，兩株桃苗在水平方向上的夾角為50°～60°；兩株桃苗的延長頭分別伸向兩側行間，其方向與壟的行向垂直；兩株桃苗靠攏交叉定植在一起，生產中視作一株；整形：“X”形定植后，在兩株桃苗芽體飽滿充實處截干，兩株桃苗主干的上端即為生產中的兩主枝，等同于“Y”樹型的兩個主枝，定植后一次成形。“X”形樹形是兩株桃苗的主干頂端直接發出新梢單軸延伸作為主枝的，各自向上繼續生長，互不影響，均衡生長，果農易操作，節省人工，定植時人為直接調控兩株苗主干即主枝角度，簡單精準，定植后，樹形能提前半年成形，一定程度上增加了抗壓能力，且主枝不易折斷。

關鍵詞 桃；樹形；“X”形；整形修剪

中圖分類號 S662.1 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 1007-7731（2023）23-24-0080-05

A cultivation mode of “X” shaped of peach tree suitable for mechanization operation

WANG Jihong1 " "WANG Yunyun3 " "PAN Haifa2 " "SHI Pei2 " "SHENG Yu2 " "ZHOU Hui2 " "LI Dahui3* " "ZHANG Jinyun2*

（1Wuhu Wanzhi Rural Revitalization of Promotion Center， Wuhu 241100， China;

2Institute of Horticulture， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hefei 230031， China;

3 School of Life Sciences， Anhui Agricultural University， Hefei 230036， China）

Abstract In order to solve the problem that the base of the main branch is easy to break in case of rainfall and windy weather， and the peach cultivation is not suitable for mechanized production， this paper proposed an X-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees suitable for mechanized operation. The main points of cultivation techniques for the new “X” shaped tree type included planting and shaping operation. Planting： selected first-class peach seedlings， each two peach seedlings were planted together， the intersection of the two peach seedlings was 40 cm away from the ground， and the angle between the two peach seedlings in the horizontal direction was 50°～60°; The extension heads of the two peach seedlings stretched out between the rows on both sides respectively， and the direction was perpendicular to the row direction of the ridge. Two peach seedlings were planted together and regarded as one in production; shaping： after the “X” shape was planted， the buds of the two peach seedlings were cut off at the full and full place， and the upper end of the main trunk of the two peach seedlings was the two main branches in production， which was equivalent to the two main branches of the “Y” shaped tree type， which were formed once after planting. The “X” shaped new tree type was the top of the trunk of two peach seedlings directly emitting a new shoot uniaxial extension as the main branch， each of which continues to grow upward， does not affect each other， balanced growth， easy to operate by fruit farmers， saves labor， and directly regulates the angle of the main trunk of the two seedlings when planting， which was simple and accurate， after planting， the tree type can be formed half a year in advance， which increases the compression resistance to a certain extent， and the main branch was not easy to break.

Keywords peach; tree type; “X” shape; plastic trimming

樹形桃樹栽培的基礎，在生產栽培中，果農必須對桃樹進行科學合理的整形修剪[1-3]，人為促使桃樹的樹體形成豐產結構[4-6]。近年來，桃栽培專家在樹形和整形修剪上不斷創新，打破傳統的自然開心形樹型壁壘，采取主干形和“Y”形，省工省力，優質果率高，對生產實踐作出了重大貢獻。隨著桃樹“Y”樹形的推廣普及，在一些病蟲害、流膠發生較重的區域，存在樹體掛果量大負荷增加時，遇降水大風天氣，主枝基部易折斷的現象。……