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部分羊場(chǎng)青儲(chǔ)飼料霉菌毒素污染狀況分析

2023-05-07 00:00:00韓睿唐濤張孟恩李康樂(lè)趙國(guó)宏王世琴
安徽農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào) 2023年24期

摘要 為了解部分羊場(chǎng)青儲(chǔ)飼料中霉菌毒素污染狀況,本試驗(yàn)通過(guò)量子點(diǎn)熒光競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法測(cè)定43份青儲(chǔ)飼料及其原料中的黃曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和嘔吐毒素(DON)3種常見霉菌毒素含量。結(jié)果表明,全株玉米青貯、青貯玉米秸稈中AFB1的檢出率分別為12.5%、16.6%,陽(yáng)性最高值分別為2.4、1.9 μg/kg,超標(biāo)率為0。蠶豆殼(秧)、大蒜皮(秧)、油菜殼(秧)、花生秧、碗豆秧、全株小麥青貯、全株玉米青貯和青貯玉米秸稈中ZEN的檢出率分別為33.3%、50%、75%、14.3%、100%、100%、50%和66.7%,陽(yáng)性最高值分別為10、10、20、20、30、50、390和80 μg/kg,超標(biāo)率為0。油菜殼(秧)、小麥秸稈、全株玉米青貯和玉米秸稈青貯中DON的檢出率分別為25%、50%、50%和50%,陽(yáng)性最高值分別為200、720、500和380 μg/kg,超標(biāo)率為0。被檢樣品中霉菌毒素檢出率為69.8%,其中,ZEN污染最為嚴(yán)重,檢出率為44.2%,DON和AFB1存在輕微污染,3種霉菌毒素的超標(biāo)率均為0。這說(shuō)明部分羊場(chǎng)青儲(chǔ)飼料霉菌毒素污染超標(biāo)率為0,但檢出率較高,需要重視青儲(chǔ)飼料的制備及儲(chǔ)存,加強(qiáng)霉菌毒素實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),提高羊場(chǎng)青儲(chǔ)飼料的質(zhì)量。

關(guān)鍵詞 霉菌毒素;青儲(chǔ)飼料;污染狀況

中圖分類號(hào) S816.5+3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A

文章編號(hào) 1007-7731(2023)23-24-0151-05

Analysis of mycotoxin contamination of green roughage in some sheep farms

HAN Rui1, 2 " "TANG Tao1 " "ZHANG Meng’en1, 2 " "LI Kangle1 " "ZHAO Guohong1 " "WANG Shiqin 1, 2*

(1College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China;

2Animal nutrition regulation and health Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory, Chuzhou 239000, China)

Abstract In order to understand the mycotoxin pollution situation in some green storage feed of sheep farms. In this experiment, the content of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zealberelone (ZEN) and vomiting toxin (DON) in 43 samples and their raw materials was determined by quantum dot fluorescence competition method. The results showed that the detection rate of AFB1 in whole corn silage and silage was 12.5% and 16.6%, respectively, and the highest positive value was 2.4 and 1.9 μg/kg, respectively, and the exceeding rate was 0. The detection rate of ZEN in broad bean shell (seedling), garlic skin (seedling), rape shell (seedling), peanut seedlings, bowl seedlings, whole wheat silage, whole corn silage and silage corn straw was 33.3%, 50%, 75%, 14.3%, 100%, 100%, 50% and 66.7%.The highest positive value was 10, 10, 20, 20, 30, 50, 390 and 80 μg/kg respectively. The detection rate of DON in rape shell(seedlings), wheat straw, whole plant corn silage and corn straw silage was 25%, 50%, 50% and 50%, respectively, and the highest positive value was 200, 720, 500 and 380 μg/kg, with the exceeding rate of 0. The detection rate of mycotoxins in the tested samples reached 69.8%, among which ZEN pollution was the most serious, with the detection rate of 44.2%. DON and AFB1 were slightly contaminated, and the exceeding rate of the three mycotoxins was 0. This indicates that the contamination rate of mycotoxin in some sheep stores was 0,but the detection rate was high, so it was still necessary to pay attention to the preparation and storage of green feed, strengthen the real-time monitoring of mycotoxins, and improve the quality of silage in sheep farms.

Keywords mycotoxin; green roughage; contamination status

霉菌毒素是指霉菌在生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的一種或多種次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物[1],青儲(chǔ)飼料在收獲前和存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程中極易被霉菌毒素污染。動(dòng)物攝入霉菌毒素,會(huì)抑制免疫反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致生理機(jī)能和免疫力下降,還會(huì)誘發(fā)炎癥,增加機(jī)體對(duì)病原體的易感性[2]。霉菌毒素的產(chǎn)生取決于霉菌的基因組成和環(huán)境因素,與霉菌毒素發(fā)生有關(guān)的環(huán)境條件包括濕度、溫度和高水分活度等[3]。黃曲霉菌素是二氫呋喃香豆素的衍生物,不溶于水,易溶于有機(jī)溶劑,如氯仿、甲醇和丙酮等[4]。……

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