英文摘要

Abstracts of Papers in This Issue

Theevolutionofimagemetaphortheory:Classicsandinheritance(p. 1)

SUNYi(Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China)

HUHongjiang(School of Chinese Language and Literature, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an 710128, China)

Although Image Metaphor Theory is different from Conceptual Metaphor Theory, the academic circles often confuse the two, and some scholars even question the existence of image metaphors. This paper will first define the concept of image metaphors, introduce their basic operation principle and their difference from conceptual metaphors, and highlight the necessity of research on image metaphor. Then, the reality and universality of image metaphors are demonstrated through language data, and the necessity of its research is verified. Finally, due to the close relationship between image and vision, we re-examine image metaphor through visual simulation theory, reckoning that image metaphors are different from correlation metaphors, and then discuss the processing process and communicative function of image metaphors in detail. This study attempts to clarify the similarities and differences between image metaphors and other metaphor categories, so as to attract more attention and in-depth discussion of image metaphors.

Meaningchangesofaddresstermsongravestonesandidentity:AninvestigationintoacemeteryinBeijing(p. 13)

YINChengzhu(Postdoctoral Mobile Station for Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China)

As one of the significant symbols to memorize the deceased, gravestones should be studied in terms of their role in representing and constructing the deceased’s identity. This study investigates the use of kinship address terms on the gravestone texts in a cemetery in Beijing to explore their meaning changes. The results show that the meaning of “death” in address terms has decreased, and that there is a variation of evaluative meaning between different kinship types. It can be therefore concluded that though family is still the center of funeral practices, its emphasis has been changed from formality to affective connection.

DeconstructionofironyinTamingtheFloodsbasedonembodied-cognitivesocialreferencepoints(p. 21)

ZHANGYifen(School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

Reference point is a ubiquitous cognitive mechanism. People cognize themselves and the outside world in virtue of reference point, and conceptualize their cognition by dint of language. Based on embodied-cognitive sociolinguistics, embodied-cognitive social reference points are proposed herein to interpret irony inTamingtheFloodsby Lu Xun. It is found that both explicit and implicit ironic references are manifest in this short story. Specifically, reference models may be reversing, bird’s nest-like, analogical, contrastive, radiative or overlapping. In brief, ironic references represent Lu Xun’s conceptualization of and attitude toward societal reality, which can serve as a theoretical framework for the interpretation of other works in Lu Xun’sOldStoriesRetold.

AbibliometricanalysisofpragmaticcompetenceresearchinChinabasedonCiteSpace(p. 30)

LUOShun(School of Translation Studies, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China)

Pragmatic competence is a hotspot in pragmatics and applied linguistics in China. Drawing on bibliomertic theory, this paper applies CiteSpace to make a quantitative and qualitative ana-lysis of keywords co-occurrence and strategic coordinates with the data from the core journals in CNKI from 1988 to 2020 in an attempt to provide references for the development of studies on pragmatic competence in China. It has been concluded that studies on pragmatic competence in China have proceeded from the generalization of the theory to the discussion on the cultivation path then to the development of its application over the past three decades; the journals of pragmatic competence are scattered, and most articles are published in foreign journals; the core author group has not been formed; and the studies on pragmatic competence have begun to diversify, mainly focusing on pragmatic failure, foreign language teaching and communicative competence.

TheidentityconstructionofChineseenterprisesinapologystatementsinthe“3·15”crisiscontext(p. 40)

LIUXiXia(School of English, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China)

Apology statements issued by enterprises are important media for modern enterprises to construct their own identities. This paper collects the apology statements (23 185 words in total) issued by 59 Chinese enterprises on the “3·15 Exposure List” from 2015 to 2021 as a corpus, and uses the Discourse-Historical Approach as a framework to explore the discursive strategies and practices of Chinese enterprises’ identity construction in the “3·15” crisis context from the perspective of social-constructivist identity. It is discovered that Chinese enterprises in “3·15” crisis mainly adopt five discursive strategies of denial, evading responsibility, reducing offen-siveness, corrective action and mortification to repair their images. And they try to shape and construct their identities as image defenders, co-victims, defenders of values, timely rectifiers, and active apologists via different linguistic realizations. The study is expected to provide a feasible theoretical research framework for analyzing the identity construction of apology statements issued by Chinese enterprises in crisis contexts.

Reviewoften-yeardomesticresearchonteachertalkinEnglishclasses(p. 48)

WANBan&XIAOLiangyuan(School of Foreign Languages, Guangdong Technology College, Zhaoqing 526100, China)

This paper makes a systematic sorting and analysis of recent ten-year domestic research on teacher talk in English classes. It finds that: (1) Domestic research on teacher talk in English classes has developed to a certain scale, but the overall development has shown a downward trend in recent years. (2) The research subjects are mainly teachers from undergraduate colleges, followed by those from primary and secondary schools. There are relatively few studies focusing on teacher talk in vocational colleges or graduate schools. (3) Related theories of linguistics constitute the major theoretical framework of research on teacher talk in English classes, while interdisciplinary theories are less applied. (4) Descriptive and speculative methods are commonly used in the field of teacher talk research, but experimental method is scarce. (5) The research is wide-ranging in contents but unevenly distributed and remains to be strengthened in the depth. Therefore, it’s suggested that future studies should attempt to strengthen the diversification of research subjects, enrich interdisciplinary research and practice, strengthen the design of scientific experiments, and strive to build localized research theories and frameworks.

“Doing”and“being”: “Humancondition”inWilliamGolding’snovels(p. 56)

XIAOXia(School of Foreign Studies, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China)

Examined with an ethical perspective and Hayek’s discussion of pseudo-individualism, William Golding’s novel characters fall into different conditions. If a man lets the animal factor rule, he would have to fight against all and find no way to escape from the pre-ethical “to be”; if focusing on executing the ethical codes and forgeting to listen to one’s own heart, he is bound to be materialized into a standard product of “ought to be”; only when he decides to become a true man by “doing” whatever he owes to the other and find a way out of the obsession of “being” a tool for one specific purpose after another, the man is finally on the way to shape an independent character of his own and is possible to enjoy a happy life. Hence, the image of “Man with a ca-pital M” is clarified with each of Golding’s novels and there is an evolution from putting sole weight on the utilitarian “doing” to beginning to be able to experience life as it is by “being” a man who is capable of independent thinking while “doing”.

Clock,patriarchalempireanddiscipline:AculturalmaterialistreadingofMrs.Dalloway(p. 62)

WANGSiyu(College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

Current criticism on Virginia Woolf’sMrs.Dallowayhas illustrated the tension between the external objective time announced by the clock and the subjective time experienced by characters. However, the symbol of clock has not been investigated historically or contextually. In fact, through the clock on the Harley street, the clock at home and Big Ben,Mrs.Dallowayshows how clock becomes the material vehicle of rationalism and the “sense of proportion”; how it plays a vital role in the construction of Britain’s patriarchal and imperial politics. The novel not only reflects on the affinity among rationalism, imperialism and patriarchy, but also exposes and repudiates the disciplinary power behind this system. From the perspective of cultural materialism, this paper digs the literary details in connection with the medical, patriarchal and imperial discourses in the post-war Britain, aiming to examine the social life of clock at this historical stage and expose the rationality-empire-patriarchy system behind it.

Revisitingtheprinciplesofunderstandingtranslationpower(p. 69)

YUANBinye(School of Foreign Studies, Guangdong University of Science & Technology, Dongguan 523330, China)

Culture-oriented translation studies is actually power-oriented translation studies. But translation power as a frequently-used term in this approach has been ill defined by pioneers and outstanding followers of the school in the west. On the basis of the current studies, this paper argues that the principles of clarity, differentiation, historicity, culture and politics should be followed in order to gain a thorough and accurate understanding of translation power. It must be noted, however, that an integration of one principle with the other(s) is needed as some cases in translation practice can be perceived from the perspectives of two or more principles at the same time.

AcasestudyofsubtitletranslationwithreferencetoThangka,aTibetanfilm(p. 76)

WANGJianguo(School of International Studies, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China)

XUWanqing(The Eastern Campus of Shanghai Sanxin School, Shanghai 201600, China)

LOBSANGChoedon(Layu Xiang Primary School of Shannan City, Shannan 856000, China)

The comparison of the Tibetan dialogues with Chinese and English subtitles inThangkashows that the English subtitles are equivalences of Chinese ones rather than Tibetan ones. Except that some of them are ungrammatical and mismatched, some others are pragmatically inappropriate according to the difference between English and Chinese: English is a result-oriented language while Chinese a process-oriented one. Reasonably, the poor quality of English subtitles is attributed to the low-quality of translation and post-editing teams because of the producer’s inadequate respect for translation and ignorance of favourable state policies.

AStudyontranslationsofTun-Huangbianwenfromtheperspectiveofitsoralpoetics(p. 83)

LIYaqi(College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China)

The striking feature of Tun-Huang bianwen is its orality and its oral poetics is embodied by the frequent usage of oral formulas. Since Tun-Huang bianwen is different from written literature, the translation standard for written literature is inapplicable to that for Tun-Huang bianwen. In light of Oral-Formulaic Theory proposed by Parry and Lord, firstly, the research is conducted on analyzing and comparing to what extent and how Arthur Waley and Victor H. Mair reproduce the oral formulas in their translations of Tun-Huang bianwen. Then, comments on their translations are made by taking into the consideration their respective background of scholarship and translation of Tun-Huang bianwen. In conclusion, it is proposed that the criterion for the translation of Tun-Huang bianwen should take the priority of rendering its oral poetics in the target text.

AprobeintotheeighthvolumeofNienhausergroup’sEnglishversionofShijibasedonthemodernclassicinterpretationofZhongyong(p. 91)

GUOChangchang(School of Foreign Languages, Zhengzhou Sias University, Xinzheng 451150, China)

Based on the classic interpretation of Zhongyong from Pang Pu, a famous Chinese philosopher, the opposites in translatingShijiinto English (the eighth volume) and the way the Nienhauser group has acted on these opposites have been studied in this paper. It is found that Pang’s new interpretation of Zhongyong, especially his observance on the four forms of Zhongyong (A but B; A but not that A; Both A and B; Neither A nor B), and the four ways of achieving the above four forms that includeJi(Complementing),Xie(Weakening),Bao(Incorporating), andChao(Transcending) are manifested in Nienhauser group’s translation. This has proved the strong interpretation and applicability of Zhongyong as one of the important concepts of Chinese thought and culture. It is hoped that this study could offer guidance for the translation of historical works alike and inspire more researchers to explore the treasure house of Chinese thought and culture and find out their own value in the translation field.

From“Evolution”to“Integration”:AreviewofCreatingLanguage-Integrat-ingEvolution,AcquisitionandProcessing(p. 97)

GUOJia(College of Foreign Languages, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

WANGShuang(Beijing Nornal University Publishing Group, Beijing Nornal University, Beijing 100088, China)

CHENHong(School of International Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

Evolutionary linguistics has been flourishing in the recent years, and its integration concept has inevitably become one of the main tendencies in modern scientific research. Yet up to now, few studies are concerned about the correlation between language evolution and language acquisition. InCreatingLanguage-IntegratingEvolution,AcquisitionandProcessing, the authors consider language as the product of cultural evolution and propose the co-evolution concept to create language based on the integration of language processing, acquisition and evolution. In addition, empirical evidences are provided to make this new theory more convincing. This book has provided a new perspective for the research of evolutionary linguistics and language acquisition, and the integration concept is of great importance for the future multidisciplinary linguistic studies.

Neworientationtowardsmultimodalcognitivepragmatics:AreviewofVisualandMultimodalCommunication:ApplyingtheRelevancePrinciple(p. 101)

HANYanfang(School of Foreign Languages, Tongji University, Shanghai 200922, China)

The explorations on multimodal cognitive pragmatics have been in the ascendant, and serve as one of the research frontiers of the current research on multimodal discourse analysis. Charles Forceville’s masterpieceVisualandMultimodalCommunication:ApplyingtheRelevancePrincipleoffers a novel analytical paradigm for multimodal cognitive pragmatics and focuses on popular topics in this field, such as symptomatic communication, information enrichment, genre attribution, multimodal disambiguation, and reference assignment. This paper reviews the book, aiming at helping the academic community to better understand the frontier issues of multimodal cognitive pragmatic research and to enrich the perspectives of multimodal pragmatic examinations.