采供血人員職業暴露因素調查及預防措施

楊紅欣 張佰華

[摘要] 目的 調查采供血人員職業暴露因素并探討其預防措施。方法 運用回顧性調查方法回顧2017年8月—2019年8月該服務部發生并登記的職業暴露案例30例，分類統計分析職業暴露案例，分析采血人員職業暴露崗位分布情況、發生環節、處理情況。結果 30例外采血人員職業暴露崗位主要分布在采血崗，占總數的53.3%;其次為熱合崗，占總數的23.3%;再次為檢驗崗、醫療廢物收集，分別占總數的10.0%、6.7%。30例外采血人員職業暴露的發生環節主要在靜脈穿刺，占總數的23.3%;其次為針頭分離，占總數的16.7%;再次為針頭回套、連接滅活耗材，均占總數的13.3%;之后為熱合，占總數的10.0%;最后為離心、整理醫療廢物，均占總數的6.7%。30例采供血人員中，職業暴露后正確處理20例，部分正確處理7例，錯誤處理3例，分別占總數的66.7%、23.3%、10.0%;做血液篩查17例，占總數的56.7%。均沒有感染血源性傳播疾病。 結論 職業暴露發生情況合并，應依據外采血人員職業暴露因素采取有針對性的預防措施。

[關鍵詞] 采供血人員;職業暴露;影響因素;預防

[中圖分類號] R7 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2020）06（b）-0001-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the occupational exposure factors of blood collection and supply personnel and explore their preventive measures. Methods Thirty occupational exposure cases occurred and registered in the service department from August 2017 to August 2019 were reviewed by retrospective survery methods， and occupational exposure cases were classified and analyzed statistically. Then analyze the occupational exposure position distribution， occurrence links， and treatment of blood sampling personnel. Results The occupational exposure positions of the 30 exceptional blood collection personnel were mainly distributed in blood collection posts， accounting for 53.3% of the total; followed by heat-sealed posts， accounting for 23.3% of the total; once again， inspection posts and clinical waste collection， accounting for 10.0% and 6.7% of the total， respectively. Occurrence of occupational exposure of 30 exceptional blood sampling personnel was mainly venipuncture， which accounted for 23.3% of the total; followed by needle separation， which accounted for 16.7% of the total; once again， needle reattachment and connection of inactivating supplies， both accounted for 13.3% of the total; thereafter for heat sealing， it accounted for 10.0% of the total; lastly， centrifugation and sorting of medical waste， both accounted for 6.7% of the total. Of the 30 blood collection and supply staff， 20 were correctly treated after occupational exposure， 7 were partially correctly treated， and 3 were incorrectly treated， accounting for 66.7%， 23.3%， and 10.0% of the total; 17 cases were screened for blood， accounting for 56.7% of the total. None were infected with blood-borne diseases. Conclusion Occupational exposure varies， taking targeted preventive measures based on occupational exposure factors of blood collection personnel.

[Key words] Blood collection and supply personnel; Occupational exposure; Influence factors; Prevention