郝帥 田武國 高博 何渝軍 羅東林
[摘要] 乳腺癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,并且是癌癥致死的主要原因。腫瘤在發生發展過程中會持續釋放腫瘤細胞DNA入血,這些循環腫瘤DNA(ctDNA)攜帶腫瘤相關的基因突變信息,使其成為潛在的癌癥生物標志物。ctDNA檢測作為液體活檢的一種,簡單易行,能夠以微創的方法動態監測腫瘤進展和治療反應,在乳腺癌領域得到廣泛研究,在疾病療效監測、耐藥識別、預測復發、判斷預后等方面具有潛在的臨床應用價值。
[關鍵詞] 乳腺癌;循環腫瘤DNA;液體活檢
[中圖分類號] R473.73? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)07(c)-0043-04
Application Progress of circulating tumor DNA in the treatment of breast cancer
HAO Shuai? ?TIAN Wuguo? ?GAO Bo? ?HE Yujun? ?LUO Donglin
Department of Breast, Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing? ?400042, China
[Abstract] Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women and the leading cause of death from cancer. Tumor cell DNA is continuously released into the blood during the development of tumor. These circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) carry the information of tumor-related gene mutation, making it a potential cancer biomarker. As a kind of liquid biopsy, ctDNA detection is simple and easy, and can dynamically monitor tumor progression and treatment response with minimally invasive methods. It has been widely studied in the field of breast cancer, and has potential clinical application value in the aspects of disease efficacy monitoring, drug resistance identification, recurrence prediction and prognosis judgment.
[Key words] Breast cancer; Circulating tumor DNA; Liquid biopsy
早在1948年,Mandel等[1]發現血漿中存在游離的核酸分子,即細胞游離DNA(circulating cell-free DNA,cfDNA)。1977年,Leon等[2]發現癌癥患者血漿中cfDNA的水平明顯高于健康人群,Shapiro等[3]同樣發現惡性腫瘤患者具有比良性疾病患者更高水平的cfDNA,這表明cfDNA可能與腫瘤相關。原發腫瘤組織、循環腫瘤細胞、其他組織中的微轉移灶通過凋亡、壞死或直接分泌的方式釋放進入循環系統,在人體血液中不斷流動的攜帶一定特征(包括突變、缺少、插入、重排、拷貝數異常、甲基化等)的腫瘤基因組DNA片段稱為循環腫瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)[4]。
ctDNA包含與原發實體腫瘤一致的基因變異特征,這一特點有助于鑒別腫瘤或正常細胞來源的DNA,因此ctDNA具有作為潛在的腫瘤標志物的價值[5]。與傳統蛋白質類生物標志物比較,ctDNA具有更短的半衰期,這一特點使ctDNA能夠反映腫瘤的最新動態信息,便于對腫瘤患者的病情進行實時監測[6]。
1 ctDNA檢測技術
外周血中DNA含量極低[7],因此高靈敏度的ctDNA檢測方法至關重要。……