趙麗艷 趙忠鵬 程艷芹 李明春
[摘要] 老年人因生理功能減退且常同時患有多種基礎(chǔ)疾病,容易出現(xiàn)藥物不良事件(ADE),可能表現(xiàn)為一個或多個老年綜合征,包括出現(xiàn)一系列非特異性的癥狀和體征,如跌倒、譫妄、頭暈、失禁、睡眠障礙等,嚴重損害老年人的生活功能,影響其生活質(zhì)量,甚至顯著縮短預(yù)期壽命,使疾病診斷和治療更加艱巨。故對老年人不適當用藥進行識別與早期干預(yù),將對降低藥物使用風險、避免和減少ADE有重要意義。本文就國內(nèi)外近年來研究的重點老年人潛在不適當用藥(PIM)標準、多重用藥和藥物重整、PIM預(yù)防三個方面進行綜述。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 老年人;不適當用藥;藥物不良事件;研究進展
[中圖分類號] R969? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)07(c)-0047-04
Research progress on inappropriate medication use in the elderly
ZHAO Liyan1? ?ZHAO Zhongpeng2? ?CHENG Yanqin1? ?LI Mingchun1
1.Department of Pharmacy, the 401st Hospital of PLA, Shandong Province, Qingdao? ?266071, China; 2.Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing? ?100086, China
[Abstract] Older people are more likely to have adverse drug events (ADE) due to their decreased physiological function and often have multiple underlying diseases. ADE may manifest as one or more syndromes of the elderly, including falls, convulsions, dizziness, incontinence, sleep disorders, etc., seriously affecting the life and behavioral abilities of the elderly, while giving harder for diagnosis and treatment. Identification and early intervention of inappropriate medication use in the elderly are important for reducing the risk of medication, avoiding and reducing ADE. In recent years, the research focuses on the potential inappropriate medication (PIM) use standards for the elderly, multiple drug use and medcation reconciliation, and PIM prevention, this article reviews these three aspects.
[Key words] Elderly; Inappropriate medication; Adverse drug events; Research progress
目前,中國60歲以上老年人數(shù)量已超2億,預(yù)計到2050年中國老齡人口將達到巔峰,平均每3人就有一位老人,成為世界上老齡化最嚴重的國家[1]。作為一個特殊的群體,老年人常伴發(fā)多種慢性疾病、同時服用多種藥物,更容易出現(xiàn)藥物不良事件(ADE),發(fā)生概率達11%(65歲及以上),增加了身心痛苦和醫(yī)療費用,成為社會重要的醫(yī)療問題。故為降低藥物使用風險、避免及減少ADE,對老年人的不適當用藥進行預(yù)先識別與早期干預(yù)將具有重要意義[2]。
1 老年患者潛在不適當用藥(PIM)標準
PIM是指使用此類藥物的潛在不良風險可能超過預(yù)期獲益,是一類高風險藥物。美國老年醫(yī)學家Mark Howard Beers在1991年首次提出了PIM的概念,指“藥物有效性尚未確立和/或ADE的風險超過預(yù)期的臨床獲益,同時缺少較安全的可替代藥物”[3]。……