鄒涵 鄭超引
摘要:屋頂是民居建筑的一個(gè)重要組成部分,它作為中國(guó)民居建筑中最引人注目的外部形態(tài)元素,融入了中華民族特有的文化思想。西江千戶苗寨的傳統(tǒng)民居是苗家人為適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)刈匀簧瞽h(huán)境而做出的應(yīng)對(duì),其屋頂獨(dú)具民族特色。筆者通過文獻(xiàn)研究與實(shí)地考察,對(duì)貴州省黔東南西江千戶苗寨民居屋頂?shù)念愋汀⒉牧稀?gòu)造等方面進(jìn)行研究,并嘗試通過分析具體案例發(fā)掘苗寨民居屋頂?shù)奶攸c(diǎn),為民居建筑與遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)研究提供理論依據(jù),并為當(dāng)前地域性建筑設(shè)計(jì)與建造提供一定的參考與借鑒。
關(guān)鍵詞:遺產(chǎn)保護(hù);傳統(tǒng)民居;屋頂;西江千戶苗寨
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2019.04.012 中圖分類號(hào):TU241
文章編號(hào):1009-1483(2019)04-0080-05 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
Study on the Roof of Traditional Residential Houses in Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village
ZOU Han, ZHENG Chaoyin
[Abstract] The roof is an important part of the residential building. It is the most striking external form of Chinese folk architecture and incorporates the unique cultural thoughts of the Chinese nation. The traditional residential roof of the Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village is a unique ethnic characteristic response made by Miao people to adapt to the local natural living environment. Through literature research and field investigation, this paper studies the forms, materials and structures of the roofs of the residential houses in the Xijiang Miaozhai Village in Guizhou, and attempts to explore the unique charm of the Miaozhai dwellings by analyzing specific cases, and to study the theory of residential buildings. The heritage protection provides a reference basis and attempts to provide some guidance and reference for the current construction of regional special housing.
[Keywords] heritage conservation; traditional house; roof; Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village
1千戶苗寨民居屋頂概述及研究意義
屋頂是民居建筑中的重要構(gòu)成要素。從思想意義上看,屋頂可看作是人類身心的一種庇護(hù),是人類占有、梳理自然空間的獨(dú)特手段[1]。從功能上看,屋頂作為一種圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu),它間隔了室內(nèi)外的空間環(huán)境,保護(hù)了屋身不受氣候環(huán)境影響,起到防雨隔溫的作用。從審美上看,屋頂常是民居建筑中的視覺中心,由于傳統(tǒng)民居屋頂與屋身構(gòu)架相分隔的特點(diǎn),使屋頂往往能根據(jù)不同的生活環(huán)境產(chǎn)生更多的形式變化。尤其在城鎮(zhèn)環(huán)境中,屋頂?shù)男问讲牧吓c構(gòu)造裝飾方面通常能反映出一種獨(dú)特的地域文化,使其成為構(gòu)成城鎮(zhèn)環(huán)境肌理的主要元素之一。因此,對(duì)于民居屋頂?shù)年P(guān)注,除了結(jié)構(gòu)明晰的木構(gòu)架外,屋頂?shù)耐庥^形式、構(gòu)造做法、屋脊的裝飾藝術(shù)等方面都值得我們研究探討。……