鄒涵 鄭超引
摘要:屋頂是民居建筑的一個重要組成部分,它作為中國民居建筑中最引人注目的外部形態元素,融入了中華民族特有的文化思想。西江千戶苗寨的傳統民居是苗家人為適應當地自然生活環境而做出的應對,其屋頂獨具民族特色。筆者通過文獻研究與實地考察,對貴州省黔東南西江千戶苗寨民居屋頂的類型、材料、構造等方面進行研究,并嘗試通過分析具體案例發掘苗寨民居屋頂的特點,為民居建筑與遺產保護研究提供理論依據,并為當前地域性建筑設計與建造提供一定的參考與借鑒。
關鍵詞:遺產保護;傳統民居;屋頂;西江千戶苗寨
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2019.04.012 中圖分類號:TU241
文章編號:1009-1483(2019)04-0080-05 文獻標識碼:A
Study on the Roof of Traditional Residential Houses in Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village
ZOU Han, ZHENG Chaoyin
[Abstract] The roof is an important part of the residential building. It is the most striking external form of Chinese folk architecture and incorporates the unique cultural thoughts of the Chinese nation. The traditional residential roof of the Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village is a unique ethnic characteristic response made by Miao people to adapt to the local natural living environment. Through literature research and field investigation, this paper studies the forms, materials and structures of the roofs of the residential houses in the Xijiang Miaozhai Village in Guizhou, and attempts to explore the unique charm of the Miaozhai dwellings by analyzing specific cases, and to study the theory of residential buildings. The heritage protection provides a reference basis and attempts to provide some guidance and reference for the current construction of regional special housing.
[Keywords] heritage conservation; traditional house; roof; Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village
1千戶苗寨民居屋頂概述及研究意義
屋頂是民居建筑中的重要構成要素。從思想意義上看,屋頂可看作是人類身心的一種庇護,是人類占有、梳理自然空間的獨特手段[1]。從功能上看,屋頂作為一種圍護結構,它間隔了室內外的空間環境,保護了屋身不受氣候環境影響,起到防雨隔溫的作用。從審美上看,屋頂常是民居建筑中的視覺中心,由于傳統民居屋頂與屋身構架相分隔的特點,使屋頂往往能根據不同的生活環境產生更多的形式變化。尤其在城鎮環境中,屋頂的形式材料與構造裝飾方面通常能反映出一種獨特的地域文化,使其成為構成城鎮環境肌理的主要元素之一。因此,對于民居屋頂的關注,除了結構明晰的木構架外,屋頂的外觀形式、構造做法、屋脊的裝飾藝術等方面都值得我們研究探討?!?br>