中華鱉胚胎的發(fā)育及稚鱉雌雄分化的觀察

王佳佳 蔣業(yè)林 王芬 程云生 侯冠軍 季索菲 鄭露 李翔 張曄 吳育春 蘇友風

摘 要：為了解中華鱉胚胎的發(fā)育及稚鱉雌雄分化的性狀特征，通過監(jiān)測胚胎重隨著孵化時間、質(zhì)量和稚鱉外形形態(tài)的變化，采用相關(guān)分析和通徑分析法，分析了胚胎性狀與質(zhì)量的關(guān)系，建立回歸方程。在胚胎生長發(fā)育過程中對稚鱉的背甲長、寬和頭長等部位生長數(shù)據(jù)進行了測量統(tǒng)計，結(jié)果表明，背甲長、寬和頭長與胚胎重呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系；從外觀觀察稚鱉性別差異明顯，根據(jù)外觀性狀參數(shù)進行驗證分析，正確率達89.5%。

關(guān)鍵詞：中華鱉；胚胎發(fā)育；稚鱉；雌雄分化

中圖分類號 Q954.4 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731（2018）12-0100-3

Development of Embryos in Juvenile Soft-shelled Turtles and Observation of Their Male and Female Differentiation

Wang Jiajia1，2 et al.

（1 Fishery institute，Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hefei 230031，China；2 Anhui Engineering Research Center for turtle Farming Technology，Bengbu 233000，China）

Abstract：In order to know racteristics of the embryo development and the male and female differentiation of the juvenile soft shelled turtle， the relationship between the embryo character and the quality of the juvenile soft shelled turtle was analyzed by monitoring the changes of the quality of the embryo weight and the shape of the juvenile soft shelled turtle， and the regression equation was established by the correlation analysis and the path analysis. The growth data of the back length and head length of the juvenile soft shelled turtle were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the length and width of the back length， and the head length had a significant positive correlation with the weight of the embryo. From the appearance， the sex differences of juvenile soft shelled turtle were obvious， and the accuracy rate was 89.5% according to the appearance parameters.

Key words：Embryo；Embryonic development；Juvenile soft shelled turtle；Male and female differentiation

中華鱉（Embryo），又名甲魚、團魚等，卵生兩棲爬行動物，具有重要的研究價值，廣泛分布于東南亞各國。在我國，除新疆、西藏、青海外，其它各省均有分布。自然條件下鱉卵孵化率低，人工孵化可提高其成活率。孵化過程中，蛋殼向胚胎提供多種無機鹽，卵黃提供有機物和無機物，當胚胎生長速度或者孵化期長時，孵化出殼后，剩余的可利用卵黃很少，卵黃是中華鱉開口之前的能源，卵黃剩余多，有助于提高存活率。溫度除了能夠影響中華鱉性腺發(fā)育，還能影響發(fā)育過程中的能耗，溫度過高，導致胚胎發(fā)育能耗過高；溫度過低，孵化期長，總能耗增加[1]。朱阿莉等還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在低溫下孵化出的稚鱉活動力較弱，放入水中后，需要多次用手觸碰驅(qū)趕才會游動，而且游泳能力較弱，易死亡[2]。中華鱉卵能夠適應一定的溫度變化，最適宜溫度是28～32℃，溫度過高或者過低都會導致胚胎死亡。……