陳家寶 齊文玉 張勇 盛佳樂 林金國
摘 要:以福州文儒坊西段古城墻和護城河遺址的城墻基槽及護岸中挖出的遺存古木為研究對象,對古木進行聚乙二醇(PEG)包埋和解剖,觀察分析古木樣品的宏觀構造和微觀構造特征,結果表明:FH1、FH5試樣均為香樟[Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.],FH2試樣為杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.],FH3試樣為米櫧[Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hay.],FH6試樣為鐵杉(Tsuga sp.),FH4、FH7試樣均為秋楓屬木材(Bischofia sp.)。研究結果為初步掌握五代十國時期福州基礎建設中常用木材種類提供了有利依據。
關鍵詞:福州護城河;五代十國;古木解剖;包埋
中圖分類號 S781.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2018)12-0072-3
Anatomy of Ancient Wood Remained on the Moat and Western Ancient City Wall of Fuzhou Wenru Fang
Chen Jiabao1 et al.
(1College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)
Abstract: The ancient wood taken from the remains in foundation trench of western ancient city wall and bank revetment the moat in Fuzhou Wenru Fang were embedded with polyethylene glycol(PEG) and dissected as a research object to observe and analyze its macrostructure and microscopic structure.The results showed that: Samples FH1 and FH5 both were camphor[Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.]; sample FH2 was Chinese fir[Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook];sample FH3 was Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hay.;sample FH6 was Tsuga sp.;Samples FH4 and FH7 both were Bischofia sp. The conclusion provided a favorable evidence for the preliminary research of the commonly used timber types in Fuzhou infrastructure during the Five Dynasties and Ten States period.
Key words:Fuzhou moat;Five Dynasties and Ten States;Anatomy of ancient wood;Embed
三坊七巷位于福州市中心地帶,始建于西晉末年。2015年在三坊七巷文儒坊西段考古工地發現了古木遺跡,據專家測定為五代十國時期安泰河遺址以及羅城城墻遺址。安泰河原本是五代十國時期閩王王審知所建羅城的護城河,其由晉朝的城外河流發展到唐朝羅城的護城河,再至梁朝、明朝、宋朝的內河。2014—2015年于福州文儒坊西段遺址的古城墻基槽及安泰河北岸木質護岸考古工地取材鑒定,共取了7塊古木試樣。本文通過對采集的古木試樣進行解剖分析揭示古木木材種類,為了解五代十國時期福州城墻建設和河岸加固所用木材、進而了解當時福州民眾在基礎建設中對木材的使用狀況提供基礎依據。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料 從福州文儒坊西段古城墻和護城河遺址的城墻基槽及護岸中挖掘的古木上切取小塊古木試樣,編號為FH1、FH2、FH3、FH4、FH5、FH6、FH7,用清水清洗后風干備用。
1.2 方法 由于古木長期浸泡在河水中,腐朽老化嚴重,大多無法直接進行切片,所以對古木試樣進行預先包埋。……