張玉竹 陳凱旋 唐建城 李強林 肖秀嬋
摘要:以綠茶末為原料,采用單因素實驗研究非索氏提取的直接升華法從茶葉中提取咖啡因的工藝條件。考察了固化劑種類和用量、蒸餾水用量、水解固化反應溫度與時間、升華溫度與時間等因素對咖啡因提取產率的影響。研究結果表明,最佳工藝條件為:細度為150目的10.0 g茶葉末,固化劑氧化鈣為0.20 g,蒸餾水用量為10~12 mL,水解固化溫度為80~85 ℃反應90~100 min,咖啡因提取率為1.238%。
關鍵詞:茶葉;咖啡因;水解;固化劑;升華
中圖分類號:G 633.8 文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:2095-5383(2018)02-0054-04
Direct Separation of Caffeine from Tea by Sublimation
ZHANG Yuzhu, CHEN Kaixuan, TANG Jiancheng, LI Qianglin, XIAO Xiuchan
(Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, China)
Abstract:The preparation of caffeine is mainly based on the extraction of caffeine from tea. Using green tea as the raw material, the single factor experiment was used to study the process conditions for the extraction of caffeine from tea by the direct sublimation method but nonsoxhlet extraction. The effects of the type and amount of curing agent, amount of distilled water, temperature and time of hydrolysis and curing reaction, temperature and time of sublimation on caffeine extraction yield were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: 10.0 g tea powder with 150 fineness, 0.20 g calcium oxide as curing agent, 1012 mL distilled water, and 8085 ℃ hydrolytic curing temperature for 90100 min. The yield of caffeine extraction was 1.238%.
Keywords: tea; caffeine; hydrolysis; curing agent; sublimation
茶在中國的種植地域廣闊,四川、云南、福建、浙江、廣西、海南等南方各省均有大面值種植[1]。2016年我國茶葉種植面積我為29 333 km2,年產干毛茶葉達258萬t[2]。
但是,在茶樹的修剪與茶葉的采摘分類管理中,會扔棄大量的弱枝殘葉。在茶葉的生產加工過程中會產生大量的碎末等下腳料。若能將這些茶葉作為原料合理利用,用于提取深加工系列產品,不僅可以提升茶的產值、降低因焚燒等產生的環境污染[3]。
由于茶葉中含有咖啡因1%~5%,還含有兒茶素類20%~35%、黃酮甙類、花青甙類、單寧酸及茶堿等30多種具有抗氧化性能的酚類物質——茶多酚[4]。因此,茶葉的深加工系列產品茶多酚、咖啡因在食品和醫藥方面有廣泛應用。
咖啡因又名咖啡堿,學名1,3,7-三甲基-2,6-二氧嘌呤,化學式C8H10N4O2,相對分子質量194.2。咖啡因是一種黃嘌呤衍生物,無臭,味苦,屬于生物堿[5]。咖啡因在醫藥、食品飲料行業的市場前景廣闊[6-8],研究咖啡因的提取制備工藝,提高產率產量,實現清潔化生產具有重要意義[9]。……