任何東 楊景宇 李超林 劉海瓊 張小山
摘要:采用文獻研究法,以3D打印技術作為研究對象,具體介紹3D立體光刻技術、噴墨印刷技術、選擇性激光燒結/熔融技術、熔融沉積造型術、疊層實體制造技術和定向能量沉積技術的特點,以及3D打印技術的應用領域。結果表明,3D打印技術作為智能制造技術研究的熱點之一,在生物醫藥、建筑行業、教育科研、食品等領域都得到了廣泛應用,未來發展前景良好;但3D打印技術也面臨著諸多挑戰,如法律不完善、材料局限性太大等,這也是未來3D打印技術領域亟待解決的關鍵問題。
關鍵詞:3D打印技術;技術特點;應用領域;挑戰
中圖分類號:TP237 文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:2095-5383(2018)02-0030-07
3D Printing Technology and its Application Trend
REN Hedong, YANG Jingyu, LI Chaolin, LIU Haiqiong, ZHANG Xiaoshan
(School of Materials Engineering,Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, China)
Abstract:
The literature research method was used to investigate 3D printing technique in this paper. The 3D Stereo Lithography(SLA), Inkjet Printing, Selective Laser Sintering/Melting(SLS/SLM), Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM), Laminated Object Manufacturing(LOM) and Directed Energy Deposition(DED) was analyzed in terms of their characteristics as well as its application fields was introduced. The results show that 3D printing technology as one of the hot topics in the research of intelligent manufacturing technology,it is used widely in the fields of biomedical, building trades, education and research, as well as food. However, 3D printing technology is also confronted with potential challenges such as imperfect regulations and limited materials, which are the critical problems to be solved.
Keywords: 3D Printing Technique; technical features; application fields; challenges
3D打印(3D printing)是一種快速成型的新興技術,通過材料的連續堆疊實現各種三維實體的成型。傳統成型是基于材料的等材或減材制造,如擠塑成型和壓鑄成型。模具有固定的形狀與尺寸,能降低成本,實現大批量制造。但對于結構復雜、數量少、個性化的定制產品,傳統的減材制造存在工序復雜、開模成本高、浪費等諸多缺點。3D打印作為一種增材制造(additive manufacturing)技術,直接以數字模型為基礎來構造物體,可大大降低人力成本,在小批量、個性化產品的制造方面具有明顯的優勢。根據Wohlers Associates公司的研究報告,全球3D打印市場規模正在不斷擴大。2017年3D打印市場銷售額達到74億美元;預計到2020年,這一數值將超過117億美元。自20世紀80年代至今,3D打印技術發展迅速,已廣泛運用于汽車、醫療、航空航天、教育科研、消費品等領域。……