摘 要:為解決GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù)動(dòng)態(tài)可視化效率低下問(wèn)題,本文通過(guò)引入LOD(Level Of Detail,LOD)技術(shù)從海量軌跡中提取能夠代表原始數(shù)據(jù)的空間特征點(diǎn),保留原有空間分布特征,壓縮數(shù)據(jù)量?,F(xiàn)有LOD模型構(gòu)建算法雖壓縮了數(shù)據(jù)量,但時(shí)間復(fù)雜度高,不能顯著提高可視化效率。本文提出了一種基于四叉樹(shù)的點(diǎn)LOD構(gòu)建算法。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:本文提出的點(diǎn)LOD算法與基于Voronoi圖的點(diǎn)LOD算法相比,具有時(shí)間復(fù)雜度低,LOD構(gòu)建速度快,無(wú)符號(hào)壓蓋等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:動(dòng)態(tài)可視化;GPS軌跡;LOD
中圖分類號(hào):TP274 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
Abstract:To address the challenge to visualization of GPS trajectory data,this paper integrates Level Of Detail(LOD)technology into GPS data visualization in order to improve visualization efficiency while maintaining visualization quality.Although the existing LOD algorithms compress the quantity of GPS Data,it cannot significantly improve the visualization efficiency because of high time complexity.This paper proposes a quadtree-based point LOD algorithm.Experiments shows that the quadtree-based point LOD algorithm has lower time complexity,higher performance and better visualization quality than the widely used Voronoi-based LOD algorithm.
Keywords:online visualization;GPS trajectory;LOD
1 引言(Introduction)
隨著空間定位技術(shù)的成熟發(fā)展,可用于記錄位置信息的設(shè)備越來(lái)越普及,手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)終端及汽車大都內(nèi)嵌了GPS芯片或安裝了GPS接收機(jī),這些設(shè)備每天產(chǎn)生大量的GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù)[1]。GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù)富含運(yùn)動(dòng)主體的群體分布特征,其動(dòng)態(tài)可視化有助于用戶快速直觀地理解分析這些特征[2,3]。以出租車為例,出租車GPS數(shù)據(jù)動(dòng)態(tài)可視化,可直觀反映出租車群體的空間分布變化情況。GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù)作為一種高動(dòng)態(tài)性的時(shí)空序列數(shù)據(jù),與傳統(tǒng)靜態(tài)空間數(shù)據(jù)相比,具有海量、更新速度快、時(shí)空密集度高等特點(diǎn)。因此,如何高效、準(zhǔn)確地可視化GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù),使用戶能夠快速直觀地獲取GPS軌跡蘊(yùn)含的信息,是GPS數(shù)據(jù)可視化研究中亟待解決的問(wèn)題。
2 常見(jiàn)LOD算法綜述(Summary of common LOD algorithm)
為解決GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù)動(dòng)態(tài)可視化效率低下問(wèn)題,本文通過(guò)引入LOD技術(shù)從海量軌跡中提取能夠代表原始數(shù)據(jù)的空間特征點(diǎn),縮短數(shù)據(jù)傳輸時(shí)間,以提高可視化效率。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)LOD技術(shù)在電子地圖顯示中的研究取得了一些顯著成果?!?br>