丁小軍+黃志平+劉敏
【摘要】 目的:分析超聲檢查對孕11~13+6周胎兒神經系統畸形的診斷效果。方法:選擇2014年1月-2016年12月在本院接受篩查孕11~13+6周胎兒13082例,均經超聲篩查,分析篩查結果。
結果:13 082例胎兒經篩查后發現中樞神經系統畸形胎兒40例(0.31%),其中單胎妊娠38例(95.00%),雙胎妊娠2例(5.00%);40例中樞神經系統畸形胎兒中包括無腦兒10例(25.00%)、顱腦畸形11例(27.50%)、前腦無裂13例(32.50%)、腦膜膨出3例(7.50%)、開放式脊柱裂2例(5.00%)、脊柱側彎1例(2.50%);13 042例妊娠中晚期復查超聲,其中15例檢出存在神經系統畸形,包括單純腦積水6例(40.00%)、腦積水+脊柱裂2例(13.33%)、小腦發育不良4例(26.67%)、小腦萎縮2例(13.33%)、蛛網膜囊腫1例(6.67%);妊娠早期及妊娠中晚期胎兒神經系統畸形經超聲檢出情況比較,差異有統計學意義( 字2=11.3110,P=0.0008)。結論:超聲檢查對孕11~13+6周胎兒神經系統畸形的診斷效果較好,具有無創、診斷準確率高、無痛等優點,值得進一步在臨床應用推廣。
【關鍵詞】 超聲檢查; 產前篩查; 胎兒神經系統畸形
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the effect of ultrasonography on the diagnosis of fetal neurological malformations at 11-13+6 weeks gestation.Method:From January 2014 to December 2016 in our hospital to receive screening 11-13+6 weeks of fetuses 13 082 cases were selected,they were screened by ultrasound,analysis of screening results.Result:After screening of 13 082 fetuses,40 cases(0.31%) of central nervous system malformations were detected,included 38 cases(95.00%) of single pregnancy,2 cases(5.00%) of twin pregnancy,among the 40 cases of central nervous system malformation,10 cases(25.00%) of anencephalus,11 cases(27.50%) of craniocerebral malformation,13 cases(32.50%) of holoprosencephaly,3 cases(7.50%) of meningocele,2 cases(5.00%) of open spina bifida,1 case(5.00%) of scoliosis.13 042 cases of late pregnancy in the review of ultrasound,of which 15 cases found the presence of neurological malformations,6 cases(40.00%) of hydrocephalus,2 cases(13.33%) of hydrocephalus with spina bifida,4 cases(26.67%) of cerebellar dysplasia,2 cases(13.33%) of cerebellar atrophy,1 case(6.67%) of arachnoid cyst.The early pregnancy and late pregnancy fetal nervous system abnormalities by ultrasound detection were compared,the difference was statistically significant( 字2=11.3110,P=0.0008).Conclusion:Ultrasonography is effective in the diagnosis of fetal neurological malformations at 11-13+6 weeks gestation.It has the advantages of noninvasive, high diagnostic accuracy and painlessness,and is worthy of further application in clinical application.
【Key words】 Ultrasonography; Prenatal screening; Fetal nervous system malformation
First-authors address:Ganzhou Peoples Hospital of Jiangxi Province,Ganzhou 341000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.29.030
胎兒畸形是圍產兒致死的重要原因之一,通常認為這與胎兒染色體缺陷或突變,以及軀體發育異常關聯密切,目前,臨床上尚無治療該病的特效方案。據醫學調查顯示,國內胎兒畸形發生率約6%,多發生在孕18~24周。但隨著超聲技術的不斷發展,孕早期篩查逐漸被人們所接受。目前國際通用的早孕胎兒畸形篩查時間為孕11~13+6周,有利于胎兒篩查及干預,有助于提升出生人口質量,加強優生優育[1-2]。而且,對于醫師而言,孕早期篩查畸形情況,一般發現胎兒畸形,有助于提高選擇合適的處理手段,避免情況惡化。……