于路存 商迪 董謙 刁 鋼



摘要 利用VAR模型分析了牛奶價格和酸奶價格之間的動態(tài)關(guān)系,通過脈沖響應(yīng)和方差分解的方法判斷了兩者之間的影響。實(shí)證分析結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了牛奶價格和酸奶價格之間的變化存在著Granger因果關(guān)系,并且牛奶價格對酸奶價格的影響具有更強(qiáng)的脈沖累積效應(yīng)和更大的方差累積比例。該結(jié)果說明,作為酸奶制作原料的牛奶價格的上升對酸奶價格的變化有著更強(qiáng)的影響效果;反之,酸奶對牛奶的影響效果較弱。因此,應(yīng)防止養(yǎng)殖戶盲目地擴(kuò)大或縮減養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模對整個產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈產(chǎn)生影響。
關(guān)鍵詞 VAR模型;牛奶價格;酸奶價格;脈沖響應(yīng);方差分解;Granger因果檢驗(yàn)
中圖分類號 S-9 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)13-0220-03
Research on Dynamic Relationship between Milk Price and Yogurt Price Based on VAR Model
YU Lu-cun, SHANG Di, DONG Qian, DIAO Gang*
(School of Business, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000)
Abstract We applied VAR model to weekly price data to analyze the dynamic relationship between milk price and yogurt price and used the methods of impulse response and variance decomposition to examine the mutual influence between milk price and yogurt price. The results of empirical analysis showed that Granger causality existed between milk price and yogurt price and the influence of milk price on yogurt price had stronger pulse accumulation effect and larger variance accumulation ratio. According to the results we suggested that milk price had strong influence on yogurt price, while yogurt price had relatively small influence on milk price. Therefore, in order to maintain the stability of the dairy industrial chain, proper measures should be taken to prevent the farmers from blindly expanding or reducing the breeding scale.
Key words VAR model;Milk price;Yogurt price;Impulse response;Variance decomposition;Granger causality test
隨著我國居民生活水平的提高,人們對牛奶、酸奶等奶制品的需求不斷提高。尤其是常溫酸奶的面世,解決了酸奶的低溫冷藏問題,促使酸奶的銷售量大幅度增長[1-3]。酸奶是在牛奶中加入乳酸菌進(jìn)行發(fā)酵生成的,牛奶是酸奶生產(chǎn)的原料;酸奶新品種的上市,會吸引消費(fèi)者的注意,并且,酸奶可作為零食甚至膳食補(bǔ)充品,在一定程度上會對牛奶產(chǎn)生替代作用。一方面,牛奶作為酸奶生產(chǎn)的原材料,其需求量會隨著酸奶消費(fèi)量的增加而增加;另一方面,酸奶作為牛奶的替代品,會分享牛奶的市場份額,其消費(fèi)量的增加將導(dǎo)致牛奶消費(fèi)量的減少。酸奶與牛奶之間的動態(tài)關(guān)系最終會以價格的形式反映出來,牛奶與酸奶價格的相互影響。……