基于主成分分析的安陽市土地生態(tài)安全評價

張志高 袁征 丁浩

摘要 為了探求安陽市土地生態(tài)安全狀況，運用主成分分析方法，選取12個指標建立安陽市土地生態(tài)安全綜合評價體系，對安陽市土地生態(tài)安全進行評價。結(jié)果表明，社會發(fā)展因素、能源消耗與工業(yè)廢物排放和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是影響安陽市土地生態(tài)安全的3個主要因素。2014年安陽市龍安區(qū)、林州市和安陽縣的土地狀況為良好，湯陰縣土地安全處于預(yù)警狀態(tài)，文峰區(qū)處于中度警戒狀態(tài)，而內(nèi)黃縣、殷都區(qū)和北關(guān)區(qū)處于重度警戒狀態(tài)。安陽市土地生態(tài)安全形勢嚴峻，必須采取措施，確保土地生態(tài)安全。

關(guān)鍵詞 土地資源；土地生態(tài)安全；評價；主成分分析；安陽市

中圖分類號 F301 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0201-03

Assessment of Land Ecological Security of Anyang City Based on the Principal Component Analysis

ZHANG Zhi-gao1，YUAN Zheng2，DING Hao1

（1.School of Resource Environment and Tourism，Anyang Normal University，Anyang，Henan 455000；2.School of Civil and Architectural Engineering，Anyang Institute of Technology，Anyang，Henan 455000）

Abstract In order to explore the land ecological security situation of Anyang City in Henan Provence， 12 indexes were selected to establish the comprehensive assessment index system of land ecological security.Using the method of principal component analysis，the level of land ecological security in Anyang City was compared and evaluated.The results showed that the social development，energy consumption and industrial waste emissions，and the economic development were the main factors that affected the land ecological security in Anyang City.Long'an District of Anyang City，Linzhou and Anyang County were good condition of the land ecological security；Tangyin County was warning state of land ecological security；Wenfeng District was the medium warning state of land ecological security；Neihuang County，Yindu District and Beiguan District were serious warning state of land ecological security.Overall，the land ecological security of Anyang City was facing the serious threat，countermeasures should be taken to ensure the ecological security of land.

Key words Land resources；The ecological security of land；Evaluation；Principal component analysis；Anyang City

隨著人口的快速增長和社會、經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，人類正以前所未有的速度和強度改變著土地利用格局，對生態(tài)環(huán)境的壓力也日益增大，生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞反過來制約人類活動，造成嚴重的人地矛盾[1-2]。隨著環(huán)境生態(tài)問題的日益凸顯，1970年提出了生態(tài)安全這一新的研究領(lǐng)域，引起廣泛關(guān)注，生態(tài)安全不僅關(guān)系到人類社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，也關(guān)系到一個國家和地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟安全、國家安全和社會穩(wěn)定[3]，因此，生態(tài)安全提出后迅速成為地理學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)和環(huán)境科學(xué)等學(xué)科的研究熱點[4-5]。土地是基礎(chǔ)性的自然資源，是人類生存和發(fā)展的基本條件和衣食來源，土地生態(tài)安全是國家糧食安全、生態(tài)安全的基礎(chǔ)，同時也是生態(tài)安全評價中的重要因素[6-8]。對一個國家或地區(qū)的土地資源進行生態(tài)安全評價，可以衡量評估區(qū)域的土地資源特點和狀況，針對存在的土地資源生態(tài)安全問題采取措施，進而保障區(qū)域土地資源生態(tài)安全，實現(xiàn)區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展[9]。……