孫穎 吳蓓 趙程程 李博 萬 靜1



摘要 根據青島市城陽區2008—2015年汛期(6—9月)日降水量資料,采用簡單插值法、經驗插值法、Z指數變換法、平方根變換法和立方根變換法等5種計算閾值的方法,比較分析得到適用于城陽區的閾值確定方法,并計算分析了精細化的城陽區極端降水閾值。結果表明,5種方法中,Z指數變換法更適于城陽區實際情況;城陽區極端降水閾值的分布大致呈南部閾值偏大、中部閾值偏小、北部的棘洪灘閾值也偏大。
關鍵詞 日降水量;極端降水;閾值;分布特征;青島市城陽區
中圖分類號 S161.6;P426.6 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)13-0189-03
Study on Threshold of Extreme Climate of Heavy Rainfall in Chengyang District of Qingdao
SUN Ying1,2,WU Pei1,ZHAO Cheng-cheng1 et al
(1.Meteorological Bureau of Chengyang District, Qingdao,Shandong 266109;2.Qingdao Meteorological Disaster Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266100)
Abstract According to the daily precipitation data in the flood season (June-September) in Chengyang District of Qingdao City from 2008 to 2015, the threshold method of simple interpolation method, empirical interpolation method, Z index transformation method, square root transformation method and cubic root transformation method were used to calculate the threshold value, threshold determination method of Chengyang District was compared and analyzed,and the extreme precipitation threshold of Chengyang District was calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the Z index transformation method was more suitable for the actual situation in Chengyang District. The distribution of extreme precipitation thresholds in the Chengyang District was roughly larger than the southern threshold, the central threshold was too small and the threshold of the spike flood in the north was too large.
Key words Daily precipitation;Extreme precipitation;Threshold;Distribution characteristics;Chengyang District of Qingdao
近年來,由于氣候變化導致的極端天氣事件頻發,越來越多的學者對此給予關注[1-4]。翟盤茂等[3-4]分析了我國降水極值變化,指出我國總降水量變化趨勢不明顯,而極端降水強度在增強,我國東部降水日數趨于減少,平均降水強度極值出現的范圍趨于擴大;李慶祥等[5]以北京地區為研究對象,分析5種強降水極端氣候事件閾值的適應性。但目前的研究對氣候變暖顯著、年降水特別是夏季降水明顯減少的膠東半島地區極端天氣氣候事件研究還不多[6]。
極端降水事件,不同的時間尺度可得到不同的結果。氣象系統業務服務中通常把日降水量超過50 mm的降水事件稱為暴雨,日降水量超過25 mm的降水事件稱為大雨。但對于膠東半島這樣降水較少且時間空間分布不均勻、一年中較少出現大雨的地區,按照大雨或暴雨的標準來定義閾值研究極端降水事件沒有實際意義,實際中多用百分位閾值作為極值的閾值[3-4,7-10]?!?br>