黃春梅



摘要 以寧化紫色土區不同林齡(15、25、35 a)油茶人工林為研究對象,在生長量調查的基礎上,分析不同林齡間土壤理化性質的差異。結果表明:①不同林齡油茶人工林平均地徑和平均樹高隨林齡的增長而增長;②隨著土層深度的加深,土壤總孔隙度、有機質、全氮、全磷、速效鉀、有效磷含量均呈下降趨勢,土壤容重和全鉀含量呈上升趨勢;③隨著林齡的增長,同一土層深度油茶人工林土壤密度、容重、有機質含量、速效鉀含量、有效磷含量、全磷含量均呈倒“V”變化趨勢,土壤孔隙度則呈“V”變化趨勢,全鉀則是呈持續上升趨勢。
關鍵詞 紫色土;油茶人工林;林齡;土壤理化性質
中圖分類號 S714.2 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)13-0157-03
Variation Analysis of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Ages of Camellia oleifera Plantations in Purple Soil Area
HUANG Chun-mei
(County Forestry Bureau of Ninghua, Ninghua, Fujian, 365400)
Abstract Different age (15-year, 25-year and 35-year)of Camellia oleifera plantation in Ninghua purple soil areas were acted as experimental forests, based on the investigation of growth of Camellia oleifera forest, the soil physical and chemical properties of different ages of Camellia oleifera plantations were analyzed. The results showed that:①With the increase of the forest age, the average diameter and tree height of Camellia oleifera were showed the increase trend;②With the increase of soil layer, soil density, organic matter, available P and available K were showed the down trend, and soil bulk density and total K showed the rising trend; ③ With the increase of forest age, soil bulk density, soil density, organic matter, available P and available K showed the inverted “V” trend, the soil porosity showed the “V” trend, but the total K showed the continue rising trend.
Key words Purple soil area;Camellia oleifera plantation;Stand age;Soil physical and chemical properties
紫色土是熱帶和亞熱帶氣候條件下由紫色巖風化發育而成的一種地帶性土壤,也是我國南方主要的易侵蝕土類之一。紫色土具有物理分化強,組成土壤的顆粒粗,土壤保水、持水性弱等特點,會導致林木生長不良。長期以來,由于紫色土區森林植被破壞嚴重,導致水土流失嚴重,造成土壤退化及土地生產力下降等一系列問題,在一定程度上制約了當地農村的經濟發展[1-2]。紫色土區土壤改良及森林植被的恢復與重建成為目前林業工作者主要研究的熱點及難點[3-4]。油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我國特有的木本油料樹種,該樹種具有耐酸、耐瘠薄、抗干旱等優良生態適應性,是我國南方丘陵山地水源涵養及水土保持的優良樹種[5]。在紫色土區發展油茶產業,不僅可起到改善紫色土區的生態環境條件、防止水土流失的作用,還可提高農民收入,實現精準扶農,達到雙贏的效果[6]。……