肋柱花花粉萌發及其活力測定方法比較

李旭新 巴根那 楊恒山 孫德智 包金花

摘要 [目的]通過對肋柱花花粉不同培養條件和測定方法進行研究，篩選出適宜花粉萌發的條件，找出簡單快速測定肋柱花花粉活力方法。[方法]采用離體萌發法對不同濃度蔗糖、硼酸及培養溫度下花粉萌發率進行研究，并通過醋酸洋紅染色法、TTC染色法及I2-KI染色法對花粉活力進行測定。[結果]肋柱花花粉在蔗糖濃度為15%、硼酸濃度為100 mg/L、溫度為25 ℃培養下，花粉萌發率達最大值，超過此條件萌發率下降。與醋酸洋紅法和 TTC 法相比，I2-KI 染色法的測定結果與離體培養萌發法結果相近。[結論]適宜肋柱花花粉萌發的培養條件為15%蔗糖+100 mg/L硼酸，溫度為25 ℃；I2-KI 染色法可作為肋柱花花粉活力快速測定的最佳方法。

關鍵詞 肋柱花；花粉萌發；蔗糖；硼酸；花粉活力

中圖分類號 S567.21+9 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0127-03

Comparison on Pollen Germination and Viability Determination Method of Lomatogonium rotatum

LI Xu-xin1， BA Gen-na2，YANG Heng-shan1 et al

（1.College of Agronomy， Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities， Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028042；2.College of Mongolia Medicine，Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities， Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028042）

Abstract [Objective] The optimum conditions of Lomatogonium rotatum of pollen germination were studied by selecting different culture conditions and determination methods， and find a simple and rapid method to determine the pollen viability of Lomatogonium rotatum. [Methods]The germination rate of pollen germination at different concentrations of sucrose， boric acid and culture temperature was studied by in vitro germination method. The pollen viability was determined by carmine acetate staining method， TTC staining and I2-KI staining.[Result] The pollen germination rate reached the maximum at the concentration of 15% sucrose，100 mg/L boric acid and 25 ℃ culture condition， and above this condition，the germination rate decreased.Compared with carmine acetate staining method and TTC method， the determination results of I2-KI staining and in vitro germination method were similar.[Conclusion]The optimum conditions for the pollen germination were 15% sucrose+100 mg/L boric acid，the temperature is 25 ℃.I2-KI staining method can be used as the best method for rapid determination of pollen viability.

Key words Lomatogonium rotatum；Pollen germination；Sucrose；Boric acid；Pollen viability

肋柱花（Lomatogonium rotatum），別名哈比日根-地格達，屬于一年生野生草本植物，為龍膽科肋柱花[Lomatogonium rotatum（L.）Fries ex Nym.]的干燥全草，主要用于協日熱、瘟疫、流感、肝膽熱、黃疸等病癥[1]，其根、全草、葉、花中均含有齊敦果酸（oleanolic acid）[2]，具有降低轉氨酶作用，對病毒性肝炎有顯著治療作用。在我國內蒙古、黑龍江、河北等地的灌叢草甸、河灘草地、高山草甸等有零星分布，但生長期短且較慢，目前臨床上所使用肋柱花藥源全部采自野生植株，由于其為全草入藥，采集者往往將正處于花期的整株挖走，而留下的植株多數在種子未成熟時在草原秋季打草（8月中旬）時連同草也一起被割走，草地上存留的肋柱花種子很少，這導致其種群個體數量急劇下降，資源越來越少。……