侯東梅 王新平 楊萍 茹慧玲



摘要 [目的]研究沼液改良煤矸石地對櫻桃栽培地土壤物理性狀、化學性狀和生物學性狀的影響。[方法]以櫻桃樹為試驗材料,采用完全隨機設計,研究沼液改良煤矸地對櫻桃栽培地土壤物理性狀、化學性狀的影響。[結果] 施用沼液的處理能使櫻桃樹正常生長,A4 (1 200 mL/m2)沼液處理降低了土壤容重,孔隙度有所增加,脲酶活性、過氧化氫酶活性、速效氮、速效磷、速效鉀、全氮、有機質含量均顯著提高,A3(900 mL/m2)沼液處理后土壤pH下降最多。[結論] A4 (1 200 mL/m2)沼液改良煤矸地后土壤各項指標均較好。
關鍵詞 沼液;煤矸石地;櫻桃;土壤性狀
中圖分類號 S141.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)13-0124-03
Effect of Biogas Slurry Modified Coal Gangue on Soil Properties of Cherry Cultivation Land
HOU Dong-mei ,WANG Xin-ping,YANG Ping et al
(Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science Pomology Institute,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031)
Abstract [Objective] To study effect of biogas slurry modified coal gangue on soil properties of cherry cultivation land.[Method]Effects of biogas slurry on soil physical, chemical and biological properties before and after cherry cultivation under the condition of completely random design were studied with cherry tree as experimental material.[Result]Application of biogas slurry could make cherry trees grow normally.The treatment of biogas slurry (A4 1 200 mL/m2) could decrease the soil bulk density,porosity, urease activity, catalase activity,the alkaline solution nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen and organic matter contents were significantly improved,and the soil pH was well mitigated by (A3 900 mL/m2) biogas slurry.[Couclusion]The effect of A4 (1 200 mL/m2) biogas slurry is better.
Key words Biogas slurry;Coal gangue lands;Cherry;Soil properties
煤矸石是采煤和洗煤過程中排放的固體廢物,其主要成分是Al2O3、SiO2,另外還含有Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、Na2O、K2O、P2O5、SO3和微量稀有元素(鎵、釩、鈦、鈷)。山西處于煤礦的主要出采地,大量煤矸石的存在與排放,導致土地性質和生態環境的破壞日趨嚴重,植被無法正常生長。
沼液是人畜排泄物發酵沼氣后的殘余物質,是一種常見的高效有機肥,除含有能滿足植物生長所需的基本元素外,還含有一些豐富的有機物(如腐殖酸)。古伯賢等[1]研究表明,在設施栽培中,施入有機肥料可以降低土壤容重,提高總孔隙度,增加含水量;研究發現,當土壤接近于脫水狀態時,有機肥的加入可以增加其對土壤的保水性能[2-3]。可見,利用沼液對作物施肥能提高土壤對水分的保持性和滲透性,加強土壤透氣、收縮等特性。
櫻桃富含人體所需的蛋白質、維生素及鈣、鐵、磷、鉀等元素。……